DR Sir, I read your note in a moment of great perturbation with my Landlady and chuck’d it in the fire, as I should have done an epistle of Paul, but as far as my Sister recalls the

1833

A REVIEW OF MOXON

907

import of it, I reply. The Sonnets (36 of them) have never been printed, much less published, till the other day,1 save that a few of ’em have come out in Annuals. Two vols., of poetry of M.’s, have been publish’d, but they were not these. The “Nightingale” has been in one of the those gewgaws, the Annuals; whether the other I sent you has, or not, penitus ignoro. But for heaven’s sake do with ’em what you like.

DEAR Mrs. Ayrton, I do not know which to admire most, your kindness, or your patience, in copying out that intolerable rabble of panegryc from over the Atlantic. By the way, now your hand is in, I wish you would copy out for me the 13th 17th and 24th of Barrow’s sermons in folio, and all of Tillotson’s (folio also) except the first, which I have in Manuscript, and which, you know, is Ayrton’s favorite. Then—but I won’t trouble you any farther just now. Why does not A come and see me? Can’t he and Henry Crabbe concert it? ’Tis as easy as lying is to me. Mary’s kindest love to you both.

MY dear Moxon, We perfectly agree in your arrangement. It has quite set my sister’s mind at rest. She will come with you on Sunday, and return at eve, and I will make comfortable arrangemts with the Buffams. We desire to have you here dining unWestwooded, and I will try and get you a bottle of choice port. I have transferr’d the stock I told you to Emma. The plan of the Buffams steers admirably between two niceties. Tell Emma we thoroughly approve it. As our damnd Times is a day after the fair, I am setting off to Enfield Highway to see in a morning paper (alas! the Publican’s) how the play ran. Pray, bring 4 orders for Mr. Asbury—undated.
In haste (not for neglect)

DEAR M. Mary and I are very poorly. Asbury says tis nothing but influenza. Mr. W. appears all but dying, he is delirious. Mrs. W. was taken so last night, that Mary was obliged at midnight to knock up Mrs. Waller to come and sit up with her. We have had a sick child, who sleeping, or not sleeping, next me with a pasteboard partition between, killed my sleep. The little bastard is gone. My bedfellows are Cough and cramp, we sleep 3 in a bed. Domestic arrangemts (Blue Butcher and all) devolve on Mary. Don’t come yet to this house of pest and age. We propose when E. and you agree on the time, to come up and

1833

THE MOVE TO EDMONTON

909

meet her at the Buffams’, say a week hence, but do you make the appointmt. The Lachlans send her their love.

I do sadly want those 2 last Hogarths—and an’t I to have the Play?

Our old and ever loves to dear Em.

BY a strange occurrence we have quitted Enfield for ever. Oh! the happy eternity! Who is Vicar or Lecturer for that detestable place concerns us not. But Asbury, surgeon and a good fellow, has offered to get you a Mover and Seconder, and you may use my name freely to him. Except him and Dr. Creswell, I have no respectable acquaintance in the dreary village. At least my friends are all in the public line, and it might not suit to have it moved at a special vestry by John Gage at the Crown and Horseshoe, licensed victualler, and seconded by Joseph Horner of the Green Dragon, ditto, that the Rev. J. G. is a fit person to be Lecturer, &c.

My dear James, I wish you all success, but am too full of my own emancipation almost to congratulate anyone else. With both our loves to your father and mother and glorious S. T. C.,

DR F. Can you oblige me by sending 4 Box orders undated for the Olympic Theatre? I suppose Knowles can get ’em. It is for the Waldens, with whom I live. The sooner, the better, that they may not miss the “Wife”—I meet you at the Talfourds’ Saturday week, and if they can’t, perhaps you can, give me a bed.

DEAR Boy, I send you the original Elias, complete.

When I am a little composed, I shall hope to see you and Proctor here; may be, may see you first in London.

DEAR Wordsworth, Your letter, save in what respects your dear Sister’s health, chear’d me in my new solitude. Mary is ill again. Her illnesses encroach yearly. The last was three months, followed by two of depression most dreadful. I look back upon her earlier attacks with longing. Nice little durations of six weeks or so, followed by complete restoration—shocking as they were to me then. In short, half her life she is dead to me, and the other half is made anxious with fears and lookings forward to the next shock. With such prospects, it seem’d to me necessary that she should no longer live with me, and be fluttered with continual removals, so I am come to live with her, at a Mr. Walden’s and his wife, who take in patients, and have arranged to lodge and board us only. They have had the care of her before. I see little of her; alas! I too often hear her. Sunt lachrymæ rerum—and you and I must bear it—

To lay a little more load on it, a circumstance has happen’d, cujus pars magna fui, and which at another crisis I should have more rejoiced in. I am about to lose my old and only walk-companion, whose mirthful spirits were the “youth of our house,” Emma Isola. I have her here now for a little while, but she is too nervous properly to be under such a roof, so she will make short visits, be no more an inmate. With my perfect approval, and more than concurrence, she is to be wedded to Moxon at the end of Augst. So “perish the roses and the flowers”—how is it?

Now to the brighter side, I am emancipated from most hated and detestable people, the Westwoods. I am with attentive people, and

912

LETTERS OF C. AND M. LAMB

Sept.

younger—I am 3 or 4 miles nearer the Great City, Coaches half-price less, and going always, of which I will avail myself. I have few friends left there, one or two tho’ most beloved. But London Streets and faces cheer me inexpressibly, tho’ of the latter not one known one were remaining.

Thank you for your cordial reception of Elia. Inter nos the Ariadne is not a darling with me, several incongruous things are in it, but in the composition it served me as illustrative

I want you in the popular fallacies to like the “Home that is no home” and “rising with the lark.”

With very kindest love to all and prayers for dear Dorothy,

Moxon has introduced Emma to Rogers, and he smiles upon the project. I have given E. my Milton—will you pardon me?—in part of a portion. It hangs famously in his Murray-like shop.

Dr M[oxon], inclose this in a better-looking paper, and get it frank’d, and good by’e till Sundy. Come early—

DEAR Mrs. Hazlitt,—I will assuredly come, and find you out, when I am better. I am driven from house and home by Mary’s illness. I took a sudden resolution to take my sister to Edmonton, where she was under medical treatment last time, and have arranged to board and lodge with the people. Thank God, I have repudiated Enfield. I have got out of hell, despair of heaven, and must sit down contented in a half-way purgatory. Thus ends this strange eventful history—

DEAR Miss Betham,—I sit down, very poorly, to write to you, being come to Mr. Walden’s, Church Street, Edmonton, to be altogether with poor Mary, who is very ill, as usual, only that her illnesses are now as many months as they used to be weeks in duration—the reason your letter only just found me. I am saddened with the havoc death has made in your family. I do not know how to appreciate the kind regard of dear Anne; Mary will understand it two months hence, I hope; but neither she nor I would rob you, if the legacy will be of use to, or comfort to you. My hand shakes so I can hardly write. On Saturday week I must come to town, and will call on you in the morning before one o’clock. Till when I take kindest leave.

DEAR M. the Hogarths are delicate. Perhaps it will amuse Emma to tell her, that, a day or two since, Miss Norris (Betsy) call’d to me on the road from London from a gig conveying her to Widford, and engaged me to come down this afternoon. I think I shall stay only one night; she would have been glad of E.’s accompaniment, but I would not disturb her, and Mrs. N. is coming to town on Monday, so it would not have suited. Also, C. V. Le Grice gave me a dinner at Johnny Gilpin’s yesterday, where we talk’d of what old friends were taken or left in the 30 years since we had met.

FOR god’s sake, give Emma no more watches. One has turn’d her head. She is arrogant, and insulting. She said something very unpleasant to our old Clock in the passage, as if he did not keep time, and yet he had made her no appointment. She takes it out every instant to look at the moment-hand. She lugs us out into the fields, because there the bird-boys ask you “Pray, Sir, can you tell us what’s a Clock,” and she answers them punctually. She loses all her time looking “what the time is.” I overheard her whispering, “Just so many hours, minutes, &c. to Tuesday—I think St. George’s goes too slow”—This little present of Time, why, ’tis Eternity to her—

Emma hast kist this yellow wafer—a hint.

Edmonton, 24th July, 3.20 post mer. minutes 4 instants by Emma’s watch.

DEAR Mr. and Mrs. Moxon—Time very short. I wrote to Miss Fryer, and had the sweetest letter about you, Emma, that ever friendship dictated. “I am full of good wishes, I am crying with good wishes,” she says; but you shall see it.—

Dear Moxon, I take your writing most kindly and shall most kindly your writing from Paris—

I want to crowd another letter to Miss Fry into the little time after dinner before Post time. So with 20000 congratulations,

Accept my sincere congratulations, and imagine more good wishes than my weak nerves will let me put into good set words. The dreary blank of unanswered questions which I ventured to ask in vain was cleared up on the wedding-day by Mrs. W. taking a glass of wine, and, with a total change of countenance, begged leave to drink Mr. and Mrs. Moxon’s health. It restored me, from that moment: as if by an electrical stroke: to the entire possession of my senses—I never felt so calm and quiet after a similar illness as I do now. I feel as if all tears were wiped from my eyes, and all care from my heart.

[At the foot of this letter Charles Lamb added:—]

Your letter interrupted a seventh game at Picquet which we were having, after walking to Wright’s and purchasing shoes. We pass our time in cards, walks, and reading. We attack Tasso soon.

DEAR Sir,—Your packet I have only just received, owing, I suppose, to the absence of Moxon, who is flaunting it about à la Parisienne with his new bride, our Emma, much to his satisfaction and not a little to our dulness. We shall be quite well by the time you return from Worcestershire and most most (observe the repetition) glad to see you here or anywhere.

I will take my time with Darley’s act. I wish poets would write a little plainer; he begins some of his words with a letter which is unknown co the English typography.

P.S.—Pray let me know when you return. We are at Mr. Walden’s, Church-street, Edmonton; no longer at Enfield. You will be amused to hear that my sister and I have, with the aid of Emma, scrambled through the “Inferno” by the blessed furtherance of your polar-star translation. I think we scarce left anything unmadeout. But our partner has left us, and we have not yet resumed. Mary’s chief pride in it was that she should some day brag of it to you. Your Dante and Sandys’ Ovid are the only helpmates of translations. Neither of you shirk a word.

Fairfax’s Tasso is no translation at all. It’s better in some places; but it merely observes the number of stanzas; as for images, similes, &c., he finds ’em himself, and never “troubles Peter for the matter.”

Has Moxon sent you “Elia,” second volume? if not, he shall. Taylor and we are at law about it.

WE shall be most happy to see Emma, dear to every body. Mary’s spirits are much better, and she longs to see again our twelve years’ friend. You shall afternoon sip with me a bottle of superexcellent Port, after deducting a dinner-glass for them. We rejoyce to have E. come, the first Visit, without Miss ——, who, I trust, will yet behave well; but she might perplex Mary with questions. Pindar sadly wants Preface and notes. Pray, E., get to Snow Hill before 12, for we dine before 2. We will make it 2. By mistake I gave you Miss Betham’s letter, with the exquisite verses, which pray return to me, or if it be an improved copy, give me the other, and Albumize mine, keeping the signature. It is too pretty a family portrait, for you not to cherish.

DEAR M.—Get me Shirley (there’s a dear fellow) and send it soon. We sadly want books, and this will be readable again and again, and pay itself. Tell Emma I grieve for the poor self-punishing self-baffling Lady; with all our hearts we grieve for the pain and vexation she has encounterd; but we do not swerve a pin’s-thought from the propriety of your measures. God comfort her, and there’s an end of a painful necessity. But I am glad she goes to see her. Let her keep up all the kindness she can between them. In a week or two I hope Mary will be stout enough to come among ye, but she is not now, and I have scruples of coming alone, as she has no pleasant friend to sit with her in my absence. We are lonely. I fear the visits must be mostly from you. By the way omnibuses are 1s/3d and coach insides sunk to 1/6—a hint. Without disturbance to yourselves, or upsetting the economy of the dear new mistress of a family, come and see us as often as ever you can. We are so out of the world, that a letter from either of you now and then, detailing any thing, Book or Town news, is as good as a newspaper. I have desperate colds, cramps, megrims &c., but do not despond. My fingers are numb’d, as you see by my writing. Tell E. I am very good also. But we are poor devils, that’s the truth of it. I won’t apply to Dilke—just now at least—I sincerely hope the pastoral air of Dover St. will recruit poor Harriet. With best loves to all.

Ryle and Lowe dined here on Sunday; the manners of the latter, so gentlemanly! have attracted the special admiration of our Land-

920

LETTERS OF C. AND M. LAMB

Nov.

lady. She guest R. to be nearly of my age. He always had an old head on young shoulders. I fear I shall always have the opposite. Tell me any thing of Foster [Forster] or any body. Write any thing you think will amuse me. I do dearly hope in a week or two to surprise you with our appearance in Dover St. . . .

MARY is of opinion with me, that two of these Sonnets are of a higher grade than any poetry you have done yet. The one to Emma is so pretty! I have only allowed myself to transpose a word in the third line. Sacred shall it be for any intermeddling of mine. But we jointly beg that you will make four lines in the room of the four last. Read “Darby and Joan,” in Mrs. Moxon’s first album. There you’ll see how beautiful in age the looking back to youthful years in an old couple is. But it is a violence to the feelings to anticipate that time in youth. I hope you and Emma will have many a quarrel and many a make-up (and she is beautiful in reconciliation!) before the dark days shall come, in which ye shall say “there is small comfort in them.” You have begun a sort of character of Emma in them very sweetly; carry it on, if you can, through the last lines.

“Ye gallant winds, if e’er your lusty cheeks Blew longing lover to his mistress’ side, O, puff your loudest, spread the canvas wide,”

is spirited. The last line I altered, and have re-altered it as it stood. It is closer. These two are your best. But take a good

1833

A LONDON HOLIDAY

921

deal of time in finishing the first. How proud should

Perhaps “O Ocean” (though I like it) is too much of the open vowels, which Pope objects to. “Great Ocean!” is obvious. “To save sad thoughts” I think is better (though not good) than for the mind to save herself. But ’tis a noble Sonnet. “St. Cloud” I have no fault to find with.

If I return the Sonnets, think it no disrespect; for I look for a printed copy. You have done better than ever. And now for a reason I did not notice ’em earlier. On Wednesday they came, and on Wednesday I was a-gadding. Mary gave me a holiday, and I set off to Snow Hill. From Snow Hill I deliberately was marching down, with noble Holborn before me, framing in mental cogitation a map of the dear London in prospect, thinking to traverse Wardour-street, &c., when diabolically I was interrupted by

Heigh-ho! Little Barrow!—

Emma knows him,—and prevailed on to spend the day at his sister’s, where was an album, and (O march of intellect!) plenty of literary conversation, and more acquaintance with the state of modern poetry than I could keep up with. I was positively distanced. Knowles’ play, which, epilogued by me, lay on the Piano, alone made me hold up my head. When I came home I read your letter, and glimpsed at your beautiful sonnet,

“Fair art thou as the morning, my young bride,”

and dwelt upon it in a confused brain, but determined not to open them till next day, being in a state not to be told of at Chatteris. Tell it not in Gath, Emma, lest the daughters triumph! I am at the end of my tether. I wish you could come on Tuesday with your fair bride. Why can’t you! Do. We are thankful to your sister for being of the party. Come, and bring a sonnet on Mary’s birthday. Love to the whole Moxonry, and tell E. I every day love her more, and miss her less. Tell her so from her loving uncle, as she has let me call myself. I bought a fine embossed card yesterday, and wrote for the Pawnbrokeress’s album. She is a Miss Brown, engaged to a Mr. White. One of the lines was (I forget the rest—but she had them at twenty-four hours’ notice; she is going out to India with her husband):—

“May your fame And fortune, Frances, Whiten with your name!”

Not bad as a pun. I wil expect you before two on Tuesday. I am well and happy, tell E.

I HOPED R. would like his Sonnet, but I fear’d S. that fine old man, might not quite like the turn of it. This last was penn’d almost literally extempore.

MY dear Sir,—Your book, by the unremitting punctuality of your publisher, has reached me thus early. I have not opened it, nor will till to-morrow, when I promise myself a thorough reading of it. “The Pleasures of Memory” was the first school present I made to Mrs. Moxon, it had those nice wood-cuts; and I believe she keeps it still. Believe me, that all the kindness you have shown to the husband of that excellent person seems done unto myself. I have tried my hand at a sonnet in “The Times.” But the turn I gave it, though I hoped it would not displease you, I thought might not be equally agreeable to your artist. I met that dear old man at poor Henry’s—with you—and again at Cary’s—and it was sublime to see him sit deaf and enjoy all that was going on in mirth with the company. He reposed upon the many graceful, many fantastic images he had created; with them he dined and took wine.

I have ventured at an antagonist copy of verses in “The Athenæum” to him, in which he is as everything and you as nothing. He is no lawyer who cannot take two sides. But I am jealous of the combination of the sister arts. Let them sparkle apart. What injury (short of the theatres) did not Boydell’s “Shakespeare Gallery” do me with Shakespeare?—to have Opie’s Shakespeare, Northcote’s Shakespeare, light-headed Fuseli’s Shakespeare, heavy-headed Romney’s Shakespeare, wooden-headed West’s

924

LETTERS OF C. AND M. LAMB

Dec.

Shakespeare (though he did the best in “Lear”), deaf-headed Reynolds’s Shakespeare, instead of my, and everybody’s Shakespeare. To be tied down to an authentic face of Juliet! To have Imogen’s portrait! To confine the illimitable! I like you and Stothard (you best), but “out upon this half-faced fellowship.” Sir, when I have read the book I may trouble you, through Moxon, with some faint criticisms. It is not the flatteringest compliment, in a letter to an author, to say you have not read his book yet. But the devil of a reader he must be who prances through it in five minutes, and no longer have I received the parcel. It was a little tantalizing to me to receive a letter from Landor, Gebir Landor, from Florence, to say he was just sitting down to read my “Elia,” just received, but the letter was to go out before the reading. There are calamities in authorship which only authors know. I am going to call on Moxon on Monday, if the throng of carriages in Dover Street on the morn of publication do not barricade me out.

With many thanks, and most respectful remembrances to your sister,

Have you seen Coleridge’s happy exemplification in English of the Ovidian elegiac metre?—

In the Hexameter rises the fountain’s silvery current, In the Pentameter aye falling in melody down.

When thy gay book hath paid its proud devoirs, Poetic friend, and fed with luxury The eye of pampered aristocracy In glittering drawing-rooms and gilt boudoirs, O’erlaid with comments of pictorial art, However rich and rare, yet nothing leaving Of healthful action to the soul-conceiving Of the true reader—yet a nobler part Awaits thy work, already classic styled. Cheap-clad, accessible, in homeliest show The modest beauty through the land shall go From year to year, and render life more mild; Refinement to the poor man’s hearth shall give, And in the moral heart of England live. C. Lamb.

1833

LINES TO STOTHARD

925

Thomas Stothard, then in his seventy-ninth year, Lamb had met at Henry Rogers’, who had died at Christmas, 1832. The following was the copy of verses printed in The Athenæum, December 21, 1833 (“that most romantic tale” was Peter Wilkins):—

Consummate Artist, whose undying name With classic Rogers shall go down to fame, Be this thy crowning work! In my young days How often have I with a child’s fond gaze Pored on the pictured wonders thou hadst done: Clarissa mournful, and prim Grandison! All Fielding’s, Smollett’s heroes, rose to view; I saw, and I believed the phantoms true. But, above all, that most romantic tale Did o’er my raw credulity prevail, Where Glums and Gawries wear mysterious things, That serve at once for jackets and for wings. Age, that enfeebles other men’s designs, But heightens thine, and thy free draught refines. In several ways distinct you make us feel— Graceful as Raphael, as Watteau genteel. Your lights and shades, as Titianesque, we praise; And warmly wish you Titian’s length of days.

“Short of the theatres.” The injury done by the theatres is of course the subject of Lamb’s Reflector essay on Shakespeare’s Tragedies (see Vol. I., page 97).

“Boydell’s ‘Shakespeare Gallery’”—the series of 170 illustrations to Shakespeare by leading artists of the day projected by Alderman Boydell in 1786.

“Out upon this half-faced fellowship.” Hotspur’s phrase in 1 “Henry IV.,” I, 3, 208.

“Coleridge’s . . . exemplification.” Lamb quoted incorrectly. The lines had just appeared in Friendship’s Offering for 1834:—

In the hexameter rises the fountain’s silvery column; In the pentameter aye falling in melody back.

Coleridge took the lines from Schiller.

At Dr. Williams’ Library is a note from Thos. Robinson to Crabb Robinson, dated December 22, 1833, concerning Lamb’s Christmas turkey, which went first to Crabb Robinson at the Temple and was then sent on to Lamb, presumably with the note in the hamper. Lamb adds at the foot of the note:—

“The parcel coming thro’ you, I open’d this note, but find no treason in it.

“With thanks

“C. Lamb.”

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Charles Aders (1780-1846) London merchant and art collector who was a friend of Lamb and Coleridge and purchased works by William Blake.

Alfred Ainger (1837-1904) Educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, he was reader at the Temple (1865-93) and a contributor to Macmillan's Magazine; he wrote a biography of Charles Lamb and edited his essays (1883) poems (1884) and letters (1888).

Jacob Vale Asbury (1790 c.-1871) English physician at Enfield who trained at the Middlesex Hospital; in 1820 he married Dorothy Jacomb. He was a friend of Charles Lamb and Thomas Hood.

Marianne Ayrton [née Arnold] (d. 1836) The eldest daughter of the composer Samuel Arnold; in 1803 she married the impresario William Ayrton. She was the sister of the theater manager Samuel James Arnold.

William Ayrton (1777-1858) A founding member of the Philharmonic Society and manager of the Italian opera at the King's Theatre; he wrote for the Morning Chronicle and the Examiner.

William Scrope Ayrton (1804-1885) The son of the musical impresario William Ayrton; a bankruptcy commissioner, he married Margaret Alsager (1826-1898) and with Basil Montague edited The Harmonicon (1823-33).

Louisa Badams [née Holcroft] (1806-1855 fl.) The daughter of Thomas Holcroft and his fourth wife, Louisa Mercier; in 1828 she married John Badams (d. 1833) a Birmingham chemist, and afterwards a Baron de Merger. Her birth date is also given as 24 June 1801.

Isaac Barrow (1630-1677) Professor of Greek (1660) and Lucasian Professor of Mathematics (1663) at Cambridge; author of Exposition of the Creed, Decalogue, and Sacraments (1669). His sermons were much admired.

Bernard Barton (1784-1849) Prolific Quaker poet whose verse appeared in many of the literary annuals; he was an acquaintance of Charles Lamb.

Mary Matilda Betham (1777-1852) English poet and miniature painter and friend of Southey, Coleridge and the Lambs. She was the elder sister of the antiquary Sir William Betham.

William Blackwood (1776-1834) Edinburgh bookseller; he began business 1804 and for a time was John Murray's Scottish agent. He launched Blackwood's Magazine in 1817.

John Boydell (1720-1804) Engraver, print-seller, and lord mayor of London (1790); in 1786 he commissioned his famous series of Shakespeare illustrations which he exhibited in a gallery in Pall Mall.

Emily Buffam (1834 fl.) The Buffam sisters, friends of Charles Lamb, let rooms at 34 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane. An Emily Buffam is listed, with Lamb, as a contributor to James White's Falstaff's Letters (1796).

Frances D'Arblay [née Burney] (1752-1840) English novelist, the daughter of the musicologist Dr. Charles Burney; author of Evelina; or, The History of a Young Lady's Entrance into the World (1778), Cecilia, or Memoirs of an Heiress (1782), and Camilla (1796).

James Burney (1750-1821) The brother of Fanny Burney; he sailed with Captain Cook and wrote about his voyages, and in later life was a friend of Charles Lamb and other literary people.

Martin Charles Burney (1788-1852) The son of Admiral James Burney and nephew of Fanny Burney; he was a lawyer on the western circuit, and a friend of Leigh Hunt, the Lambs, and Hazlitts.

Henry Francis Cary (1772-1844) English poet; he was assistant-keeper of printed books at the British Museum (1826) and translator of Dante (1805-19).

Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (1547-1616) Spanish novelist and dramatist, author of Don Quixote (1605, 1615).

Joseph Chitty the elder (1775-1841) London barrister and legal writer educated at the Middle Temple; Thomas Noon Talfourd was his pupil and Charles Lamb was for a time his neighbour.

Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834) English poet and philosopher who projected Lyrical Ballads (1798) with William Wordsworth; author of Biographia Literaria (1817), On the Constitution of the Church and State (1829) and other works.

Daniel Cresswell (1776-1844) Educated at Trinity College, Cambridge where he was a fellow and tutor, he was vicar of Enfield and JP for Middlesex. He published on mathematics; Charles Lamb was a friend.

George Darley [John Lacy] (1795-1846) Irish writer educated at Trinity College, Dublin; he wrote for the London Magazine and Athenaeum and published poems, plays, and textbooks on mathematics and astronomy.

Charles Wentworth Dilke (1789-1864) In 1816 he settled in Hampstead and befriended Leigh Hunt, John Hamilton Reynolds, and John Keats; he contributed antiquarian material to periodicals and was editor of the Athenaeum (1830-46).

Alexander Dyce (1798-1869) Editor and antiquary, educated at Edinburgh High School and Exeter College, Oxford; he published Recollections of the Table-Talk of Samuel Rogers (1856).

George Dyer (1755-1841) English poet, antiquary, and friend of Charles Lamb; author of Poems and Critical Essays (1802), Poetics: or a Series of Poems and Disquisitions on Poetry, 2 vols (1812), History of the University and Colleges of Cambridge, 2 vols (1814) and other works.

Edward Fairfax (1568 c.-1635 c.) In 1600 he translated Tasso as Godfrey of Bulloigne.

Barron Field (1786-1846) English barrister and friend of Leigh Hunt, Thomas Hood, and Charles Lamb.

Henry Fielding (1707-1754) English dramatist, essayist, and novelist; author of Joseph Andrews (1742) and The History of Tom Jones (1749).

John Forster (1812-1876) English man of letters and friend of Charles Lamb and Leigh Hunt who was editor of The Examiner (1847-55) and the biographer of Goldsmith (1854), Landor (1869), and Dickens (1872-74).

Maria Fryer (1810 c.-1848) The friend and classmate of Emma Isola Moxon; she corresponded with Charles Lamb.

Henry Fuseli (1741-1825) Anglo-Swiss painter who settled in England in 1764 and became the friend of William Blake.

James Gillman Jr. (1808-1877) The son of the biographer; educated at Merchant Taylors' School and St. John's College, Oxford, he was a schoolmaster and rector of Barfreston, Kent and vicar of Holy Trinity, Lambeth (1847).

Abraham Hayward (1801-1884) English barrister and essayist who contributed to the Quarterly Review and wrote The Art of Dining (1852); his translation of Goethe's Faust was published in 1833.

Sarah Hazlitt [née Stoddart] (1774-1840) The daughter of John Stoddart (1742-1803), lieutenant in the Royal Navy; she married William Hazlitt in 1808 and was divorced in 1822.

William Hazlitt Jr. (1811-1893) The son of the critic and father of the bibliographer William Carew Hazlitt; he was registrar of the London court of bankruptcy and editor of his father's works.

William Carew Hazlitt (1834-1913) The son of William Hazlitt (1811–1893) and grandson of the critic; after education at Merchant Taylors' School he worked as a journalist, historian, and bibliographer.

James Augustus Hessey (1785-1870) London publisher in partnership with John Taylor; they published the London Magazine from 1821 to 1825.

William Hogarth (1697-1764) English satirical painter whose works include The Harlot's Progress, The Rake's Progress, and Marriage à la Mode.

William Hone (1780-1842) English bookseller, radical, and antiquary; he was an associate of Bentham, Mill, and John Cam Hobhouse.

Thomas Hood (1799-1845) English poet and humorist who wrote for the London Magazine; he published Whims and Oddities (1826) and Hood's Magazine (1844-5).

Harriet Isola (1810-1861 fl.) The daughter of Charles Isola and sister of Emma Isola Moxon.

Joseph Jekyll (1754-1837) Wit, politician, and barrister; he was Whig MP for Calne (1787-1816) and wrote for the Morning Chronicle and Evening Statesman.

Samuel Johnson (1709-1784) English man of letters, among many other works he edited A Dictionary of the English Language (1755) and Shakespeare (1765), and wrote Lives of the Poets (1779-81).

John Keats (1795-1821) English poet, author of Endymion, "The Eve of St. Agnes," and other poems, who died of tuberculosis in Rome.

Frances Maria Kelly (1790-1882) English actress and singer at Drury Lane and elsewhere; Charles Lamb proposed marriage and later wrote an essay about her (“Barbara S”) in the London Magazine (1825).

James Sheridan Knowles (1784-1862) Irish-born playwright, author of Virginius (1820), Caius Gracchus (1823), William Tell (1825) and The Hunchback (1832).

Charles Lamb [Elia] (1775-1834) English essayist and boyhood friend of Coleridge at Christ's Hospital; author of Essays of Elia published in the London Magazine (collected 1823, 1833) and other works.

Mary Anne Lamb (1764-1847) Sister of Charles Lamb with whom she wrote Tales from Shakespeare (1807). She lived with her brother, having killed their mother in a temporary fit of insanity.

Letitia Elizabeth Landon [L. E. L.] (1802-1838) English poet who came to attention through the Literary Gazette; she published three volumes in 1825. She was the object of unflattering gossip prior to her marriage to George Maclean in 1838.

Walter Savage Landor (1775-1864) English poet and man of letters, author of the epic Gebir (1798) and Imaginary Conversations (1824-29). He resided in Italy from 1815 to 1835.

Anne Lefroy [née Rickman] (1808-1881 fl.) The daughter of Robert Southey's friend John Rickman; in 1841 she married Anthony Cottrell Lefroy. Her memoirs were published as Good Company in old Westminster and the Temple (1925).

Charles Valentine Le Grice (1773-1858) The friend of Lamb and Coleridge at Christ's Hospital where he was Senior Grecian; after attending Trinity College, Cambridge he became a clergyman in Penzance, 1806-31. He wrote for the Gentleman's Magazine and Critical Review.

Thomas Manning (1772-1840) Educated at Caius College, Cambridge, he traveled in China and Tibet, and was a life-long friend of Charles Lamb.

John Milton (1608-1674) English poet and controversialist; author of Comus (1634), Lycidas (1638), Areopagitica (1644), Paradise Lost (1667), and other works.

Edward Moxon (1801-1858) Poet and bookseller; after employment at Longman and Company he set up in 1830 with financial assistance from Samuel Rogers and became the leading publisher of literary poetry.

Emma Lamb Moxon [née Isola] (1809-1891) The orphaned daughter of Charles Isola adopted by Charles and Mary Lamb; after working as a governess she married Edward Moxon in 1833.

John Murray II (1778-1843) The second John Murray began the Quarterly Review in 1809 and published works by Scott, Byron, Austen, Crabbe, and other literary notables.

William Murray, first earl of Mansfield (1705-1793) Scottish jurist; he was an MP and lord chief justice (1756), created earl of Mansfield in 1776.

Mary Anne Norman [née Betham] (d. 1833) The daughter of the Rev. William Betham (1749-1839); she married George Norman, captain in the 9th Native Infantry at Madras. She left a legacy to Mary Lamb.

Elizabeth Norris (d. 1843) Formerly Faint, a widow; she was remarried to Randal Norris, librarian of the Inner Temple and friend of Charles and Mary Lamb.

James Northcote (1746-1831) English portrait-painter and writer who exhibited at the Royal Academy; he wrote a Life of Titian (1830).

John Opie (1761-1807) English painter brought to attention by John Wolcot; he was a member of the Royal Academy and the husband of the writer Amelia Opie whom he married in 1798.

St Paul (5 c.-67 c.) Apostle to the Gentiles.

Pindar (522 BC c.-443 BC) Greek lyric poet who celebrated athletic victories in elaborate odes that became models for intricate and often elliptical odes in English.

Hester Piozzi [née Lynch] (1741-1821) Poet, diarist, and friend of Doctor Johnson; in 1763 married 1) Henry Thrale (1728-1781) and in 1784 2) Gabriel Mario Piozzi (1740-1809). She contributed to the Della Cruscan volume, The Florence Miscellany (1785).

Alexander Pope (1688-1744) English poet and satirist; author of The Rape of the Lock (1714) and The Dunciad (1728).

Ann Benson Procter [née Skepper] (1799-1888) The daughter of Thomas Skepper of York; in 1824 she married the poet Bryan Waller Procter, with whom she maintained a literary salon.

Bryan Waller Procter [Barry Cornwall] (1787-1874) English poet; a contemporary of Byron at Harrow, and friend of Leigh Hunt and Charles Lamb. He was the author of several volumes of poem and Mirandola, a tragedy (1821).

Raphael (1483-1520) Of Urbino; Italian painter patronized by Leo X.

Sir Joshua Reynolds (1723-1792) English portrait-painter and writer on art; he was the first president of the Royal Academy (1768).

John Rickman (1771-1840) Educated at Magdalen Hall and Lincoln College, Oxford, he was statistician and clerk to the House of Commons and an early friend of Charles Lamb and Robert Southey.

Henry Crabb Robinson (1775-1867) Attorney, diarist, and journalist for The Times; he was a founder of the Athenaeum Club.

Thomas Robinson (1769 c.-1860) Of Bury St. Edmunds; he was the elder brother of Henry Crabb Robinson and a friend of the reformers Capel Lofft and Thomas Clarkson.

Henry Rogers (1774-1832) Son of Thomas Rogers (1735-93) and youngest brother of the poet Thomas Rogers; he was the head of the family bank, Rogers, Towgood, and Co. until 1824, and a friend of Charles Lamb.

Samuel Rogers (1763-1855) English poet, banker, and aesthete, author of the ever-popular Pleasures of Memory (1792), Columbus (1810), Jaqueline (1814), and Italy (1822-28).

Sarah Rogers (1772-1855) Of Regent's Park. the younger sister of the poet Samuel Rogers; she lived with her brother Henry in Highbury Terrace.

George Romney (1734-1802) English painter, the rival of Joshua Reynolds and friend of the poet William Hayley; he contributed three paintings to Boydell's Shakespeare Gallery (1791).

Charles Ryle (1795 c.-1867) The friend and executor of Charles Lamb; he was employed as an auditor at the East India House from 1810 to his retirement in 1852; his wife Anne died the following year.

George Sandys (1578-1644) English poet and treasurer of the Virginia Company, whither he traveled in 1621; his translation of Ovid's Metamorphoses (1621-26) was much admired.

William Shakespeare (1564-1616) The Bard of Avon.

James Shirley (1596-1666) Royalist poet who left some forty plays, including The Traitor (1631), The Gamester (1633), and The Lady of Pleasure (1635).

Tobias Smollett (1721-1771) Scottish physician and man of letters; author of the novels Roderick Random (1747) and Humphry Clinker (1771).

Edith Southey [née Fricker] (1774-1837) The daughter of Stephen Fricker, she was the first wife of Robert Southey and the mother of his children; they married in secret in 1795.

Sir John Stoddart (1773-1856) Educated at Christ Church, Oxford, he befriended Coleridge and Wordsworth and after abandoning his early republican principles became a writer for the Times, and afterwards editor of the Tory newspaper New Times in 1817 and a judge in Malta (1826-40). His sister married William Hazlitt in 1808.

Thomas Stothard (1755-1834) English painter and book-illustrator, a friend of John Flaxman and Samuel Rogers.

Jonathan Swift (1667-1745) Dean of St Patrick's, Scriblerian satirist, and author of Battle of the Books with Tale of a Tub (1704), Drapier Letters (1724), Gulliver's Travels (1726), and A Modest Proposal (1729).

Rachel Talfourd [née Rutt] (1787 c.-1842 fl.) The eldest daughter of John Towill Rutt, a nonconformist minister; she married Thomas Noon Talfourd in 1822; Leigh Hunt, Robert Browning, and Mary Russell Mitford were acquaintances.

Sir Thomas Noon Talfourd (1795-1854) English judge, dramatist, and friend of Charles Lamb who contributed articles to the London Magazine and New Monthly Magazine.

Torquato Tasso (1554-1595) Italian poet, author of Aminta (1573), a pastoral drama, and Jerusalem Delivered (1580).

John Taylor (1781-1864) Publisher of the London Magazine and poems of John Keats, and a prolific writer in his own right.

John Tillotson, archbishop of Canterbury (1630-1694) Latitudinarian divine and archbishop of Canterbury (1691) whose sermons were widely admired in the eighteenth century.

Titian (1487 c.-1576) Venetian painter celebrated for his portraits.

Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775-1851) English landscape and history painter who left his collection to the National Gallery and Tate Gallery.

Sir George Leman Tuthill (1772-1835) Educated at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, he was detained in France before completing his medical education; he was physician to Westminster, Bridewell and Bethlem hospitals. He was a friend of Thomas Manning and Charles Lamb; Mary Lamb was among his patients.

Izaak Walton (1593-1683) The friend and biographer of John Donne, and author of The Compleat Angler (1653).

Antoine Watteau (1684-1721) French Rococo painter renowned for his bucolic scenes.

Benjamin West (1738-1820) American-born historical painter who traveled to Europe in 1760 and was one of the founders of the Royal Academy in London.

Thomas Westwood senior (1833 fl.) A retired haberdasher, he was the miserly agent for the Phoenix Insurance Company with whom Charles and Mary Lamb lodged at Enfield from 1829-33.

Dorothy Wordsworth (1771-1855) The sister of William Wordsworth who transcribed his poems and kept his house; her journals and letters were belatedly published after her death.

William Wordsworth (1770-1850) With Coleridge, author of Lyrical Ballads (1798), Wordsworth survived his early unpopularity to succeed Robert Southey as poet laureate in 1843.

Edmund Hodgson Yates (1831-1894) Scottish novelist, playwright, and man of letters, the son of the actor Frederick Henry and grandson of the novelist Elizabeth Brunton.

The Athenaeum. London Literary and Critical Journal. (1828-1921). The Athenaeum was founded by James Silk Buckingham; editors included Frederick Denison Maurice (July 1828-May 1829) John Sterling (May 1829-June 1830), Charles Wentworth Dilke (June 1830-1846), and Thomas Kibble Hervey (1846-1853).

Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine. (1817-1980). Begun as the Edinburgh Monthly Magazine, Blackwood's assumed the name of its proprietor, William Blackwood after the sixth number. Blackwood was the nominal editor until 1834.

The Englishman. (1803-1834). A London weekly newspaper; the proprietor was William I. Clement (1821-34).

The Englishman's Magazine. 2 vols (1831). Edited by Moxon with William Kennedy; Charles Lamb was a contributor.

 Friendship's Offering or the Annual Remembrancer: a Christmas Present, or New Year's Gift. 21 vols (London: Smith, Elder & Co., 1824-1844). Edited by Leitch Ritchie, Thomas Kibble Hervey, and others.

Literary Gazette, and Journal of Belles Lettres, Arts, Sciences, etc. (1817-1862). Edited by William Jerdan to 1850, the Literary Gazette was the most successful of the weekly literary newspapers.

The London Magazine. (1820-1829). Founded by John Scott as a monthly rival to Blackwood's, the London Magazine included among its contributors Charles Lamb, John Clare, Allan Cunningham, Thomas De Quincey, and Thomas Hood.

The New-York Mirror. (1823-1842). A weekly journal founded by George Pope Morris and Samuel Woodworth.

Notes and Queries. (1849-). A weekly journal devoted to antiquarian inquires, founded and edited by William John Thoms (1849-72).

The Quarterly Review. (1809-1967). Published by John Murray, the Quarterly was instigated by Walter Scott as a Tory rival to the Edinburgh Review. It was edited by William Gifford to 1824, and by John Gibson Lockhart from 1826 to 1853.

The Times. (1785-). Founded by John Walter, The Times was edited by Thomas Barnes from 1817 to 1841. In the romantic era it published much less literary material than its rival dailies, the Morning Chronicle and the Morning Post.

Frances D'Arblay [née Burney] (1752-1840) Memoirs of Dr. Burney, arranged from his own Manuscripts, from Family Papers, and from Personal Recollections. 3 vols (London: E. Moxon, 1832).

Henry Francis Cary (1772-1844) Pindar in English Verse. (London: Edward Moxon, 1833).

Henry Francis Cary (1772-1844) The Vision, or, Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise. 3 vols (London: Taylor and Hessey, 1819). A second edition of Cary's translation of the Divine Comedy was printed in 1819.

Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (1547-1616) Don Quixote de la Mancha. (1605, 1615). Peter Anthony Motteux's popular translation of Cervantes' burlesque romance was first published in 1700-1703.

John Wilson Croker (1780-1857) “Memoirs of Dr. Burney” in Quarterly Review. Vol. 49 (April 1833): 97-125. A review of the book by Fanny Burney.

Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) “The Inferno” in The Divine Comedy. (1320 c.). An allegorical description of Hell, the first of the three parts of the Divine Comedy, the others being the “Purgatorio” and “Paradiso.”

Edward Fairfax (1568 c.-1635 c.) Godfrey of Bulloigne, or the Recoverie of Ierusalem. (London: I. Jaggard and M. Lownes, 1600). A translation of Tasso.

Johann Wolfgang Goethe (1749-1832) Faust. Eine Tragödie. (1808, 1832). A closet drama in two parts; Goethe worked on this poem for more than half a century.

Abraham Hayward (1801-1884) Faust; a Dramatic Poem translated into English Prose, with Remarks on former Translations, and Notes. (London: E. Moxon, 1833).

William Hone (1780-1842) The Table Book; or, Daily Recreation and Information concerning remarkable Men, Manners, Times, Seasons. 2 vols (London: Hunt and Clarke, 1827-1828). Originally published in weekly numbers with illustrations by George Cruikshank.

James Henry Leigh Hunt (1784-1859) The Reflector, a Quarterly Magazine, on Subjects of Philosophy, Politics, and the Liberal Arts . 2 vols (1811). A collection of periodical essays.

James Sheridan Knowles (1784-1862) The Wife: a Tale of Mantua: a Play in Five Acts. (London: E. Moxon, 1833).

Mary Anne Lamb (1764-1847), Charles Lamb [Elia] (1775-1834) Poetry for Children: entirely original. 2 vols (London: M. J. Godwin, 1809). By Charles and Mary Lamb.

Charles Lamb [Elia] (1775-1834) “Barbara S——” in London Magazine. Vol. NS 1 (April 1825): 511-14.

Charles Lamb [Elia] (1775-1834) “Defence of the Sonnets of Sir Philip Sidney” in London Magazine. Vol. 8 (September 1823): 248-52. Reprinted in Last Essays of Elia.

Charles Lamb [Elia] (1775-1834) Elia. Essays which have appeared under that Signature in the London Magazine. (London: Taylor and Hessey, 1823). A second collection was issued by Moxon as Last Essays in 1833.

Charles Lamb [Elia] (1775-1834) The Last Essays of Elia: being a Sequel to Essays published under that Name. (London: Edward Moxon, 1833).

Charles Lamb [Elia] (1775-1834) “Old China” in London Magazine. Vol. 7 (March 1823): 269-72. Reprinted in Last Essays.

Charles Lamb [Elia] (1775-1834) “On Garrick, and Acting; and the Plays of Shakespeare” in The Reflector. Vol. 2 No. 4 (1812): 298-313. Signed “X”; later reprinted as “On the Tragedies of Shakespeare.”

Charles Lamb [Elia] (1775-1834) “On the Total Defects of the Quality of Imagination, observable in the Works of Modern British Artists” in Athenaeum. (12, 19, 26 January, 2 February 1833). Signed “Elia”; later titled “On the Barrenness of the Imaginative Faculty.”

Charles Lamb [Elia] (1775-1834) “Popular Fallacies: That Home is Home though it is never so Homely” in New Monthly Magazine. Vol. 16 (March 1826): 262-65.

Charles Lamb [Elia] (1775-1834) “Popular Fallacies: That we should rise with the lark” in New Monthly Magazine. Vol. 16 (February 1826): 226-38.

Charles Lamb [Elia] (1775-1834) Satan in Search of a Wife: with the whole Process of his Courtship and Marriage, and who danced at the Wedding. (London: E. Moxon, 1831). A comic ballad burlesquing Moore's Loves of the Angels.

Charles Lamb [Elia] (1775-1834) “To Samuel Rogers, Esq. on the new Edition of his Pleasures of Memory” in The Times. (13 December 1833). A sonnet.

Charles Lamb [Elia] (1775-1834) “To T. Stothard, Esq” in The Athanaeum. (21 December 1833). A sonnet.

Charles Lamb [Elia] (1775-1834) “The Wedding” in London Magazine. Vol. NS 2 (June 1825): 217-21. Reprinted in Last Essays.

Walter Savage Landor (1775-1864) Gebir: a Poem, in Seven Books. (London: Rivingtons, 1798). The first edition was anonymous.

Edward Mangin (1772-1852) Piozziana: or, Recollections of the late Mrs. Piozzi; with Remarks. (London: E. Moxon, 1833).

John Milton (1608-1674) Paradise Regained. A Poem written in Four Books. (London: 1671). The sequel to Paradise Lost, in blank verse, published with Samson Agonistes.

Edward Moxon (1801-1858) “Sonnet I” in Sonnets. 2 vols (London: Bradbury and Evans, 1830, 1835). “Lone midnight-soothing melancholy bird.”

Edward Moxon (1801-1858) “Sonnet XIX. On an Oak, in the Parish of Cheshunt” in Sonnets. 2 vols (London: Bradbury and Evans, 1830, 1835).

Edward Moxon (1801-1858) Sonnets. 2 vols (London: Bradbury and Evans, 1830, 1835).

Robert Paltock (1697-1767) The Life and Adventures of Peter Wilkins, a Cornish Man. 2 vols (London: J. Robinson and R. Dodsley, 1751). A fantasy novel in the manner of Robinson Crusoe.

Samuel Rogers (1763-1855) The Pleasures of Memory, a Poem. In two Parts. (London: T. Cadell, 1792). A descriptive poem in couplets reprinted throughout the nineteenth century.

Samuel Rogers (1763-1855) Poems by Samuel Rogers. (London: T. Cadell, and E. Moxon, 1834). With illustrations by Turner and Stothard; reprinted in 2 vols 1836 etc.

George Sandys (1578-1644) Ovid's Metamorphosis. (London: William Stansby, 1626).

William Shakespeare (1564-1616) As You Like It. (London: 1623). A comedy first performed about 1600 and first published in the first folio.

William Shakespeare (1564-1616) Henry IV Part I. (London: 1600). Written in 1597 and first published in quarto in 1598.

William Shakespeare (1564-1616) King Lear. (London: 1608). First published in quarto in 1608.

James Shirley (1596-1666) The Dramatic Works and Poems of James Shirley now first collected. 6 vols (London: John Murray, 1833). Edited by Alexander Dyce.

Jonathan Swift (1667-1745) On Poetry: a Rapsody. (Dublin: J. Huggonson, 1733). In verse.

Virgil (70 BC-19 BC) Aeneid. (1st cent. BC). Latin epic in twelve books relating the conquest of Italy by the Trojan Aeneas; it was usually read in the English translation by John Dryden (1697).

William Wordsworth (1770-1850) The Excursion, being a portion of The Recluse, a Poem. (London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1814). A poem in nine books of blank verse.

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INFORMATION FROM TEI HEADER

Source Description:

Authors:  Charles Lamb; Mary Lamb

Title:  The Works of Charles and Mary Lamb. Letters (London: Methuen and Co., 1905).

Electronic Edition:

Series: Lord Byron and his Times: http://lordbyron.org

Encoding Description: Any dashes occurring in line breaks have been removed.   Obvious and unambiguous compositors’ errors have been silently corrected.

Markup and editing by:  David Hill Radcliffe

Completed January 2012

Publication Statement:

Publisher: Center for Applied Technologies in the Humanities, Virginia Tech

Availability: Published under Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License

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