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During the visit to London mentioned in the last chapter, Byron wrote the ‘Hebrew Melodies,’ and early in the next year there appeared a critique by Hodgson, the humorous satire of which is amusingly characteristic of the critic. Censure conveyed in such kindly terms, and leavened by judicious appreciation of all that was really praiseworthy, could not fail to be received in a similar spirit to that which prompted it.
2 | MEMOIR OF REV. F. HODGSON. |
The critique commences by drawing attention to the change which had taken place since the days of Pope in the reception accorded to the productions of noble authors. The public were prejudiced against Lord Byron for more reasons than one. They were jealous of the unique example which he afforded of a combination of rank and talent; a large and influential section were indignant at his want of respect for the Prince Regent, whose ministers were, moreover, chagrined by their inability to answer the arguments of those brilliant speeches in which he had so ruthlessly attacked them. The critic ought, therefore, as he valued his reputation for loyalty and discernment, to have discovered in these Songs of Sion a great deal of lurking evil against Church and State; but finding it impossible to comply with these requirements, he prefers to proceed at once to impartial comments upon the poetry.
The ‘Hebrew Melodies’ consist of twenty-four short poems, which were written at the request, as the author tells us, of his friend, the Hon. D. Kinnaird, for a selection of Hebrew airs, and have been published with the music, arranged by Messrs. Braham & Nathan.
Great allowances are to be made for the trammels which a capricious time throws upon a writer un-
CRITIQUE ON THE ’HEBREW MELODIES.’ | 3 |
Then follow some extracts, and the critique continues:—
In every one of these songs (with the exception, perhaps, of two) we find the traces of genius: a reflection, an image, a description, or an expression, indicative of the hand of the άνήρ ούχ ό τύχων. Many of them, however, it must be confessed, exhibit faults of carelessness, and with a very few we would rather have dispensed. . . . The vision
4 | MEMOIR OF REV. F. HODGSON. |
The king was on his throne, The satraps in the hall, |
The king was in his parlour Counting out his money, etc. |
And thou—who tell’st me to forget. Thy looks are wan—thine eyes are wet. |
Sun of the sleepless! melancholy star! etc. |
THE ’HEBREW MELODIES.’ | 5 |
‘All is vanity,’ saith the preacher. ‘Fame, wisdom, love, and power were mine,’ etc. |
An age shall fleet like earthly year. |
6 | MEMOIR OF REV. F. HODGSON. |
But the stanza descriptive of the mind after death is sterling bullion, ‘Eternal, boundless, undecay’d,’ etc. It is no disparagement to this magnificent picture to say that it reminds us of Locke’s beautiful idea of angelic minds being endowed with capacities able to retain together and constantly set before them, as in one picture, ‘in one broad glance,’ all their past knowledge at once.
After more detailed criticism, the opinion is expressed, in conclusion,
That if the ‘Hebrew Melodies’ do not add much to their author’s fame, they assuredly will not detract from it, for that there is a tone diffused throughout them which no other living poet can impart.
That the marriage of Lord Byron, which took place on the 2nd January, 1815, did at first justify an anticipation of permanent happiness is proved by
LETTER FROM MRS. LEIGH. | 7 |
My dear Mr. Hodgson,—You could not have gratified me more than by giving me an opportunity of writing on my favourite subject to one so truly worthy of it as you are; indeed I have repeatedly wished of late that I could communicate with you, and should have ventured to do so by letter had I known your address. Most thankful do I feel that I have so much to say that will delight you. I have every reason to think that my beloved B. is very happy and comfortable. I hear constantly from him and his Rib. They are now at Seaham, and not inclined to return to Halnaby,1 because all the world were preparing to visit them there, and at S. they are free from this torment, no trifling
1 Sir Ralph Milbanke’s other place in Durham, where they passed the first month of their married life. |
8 | MEMOIR OF REV. F. HODGSON. |
PROPOSED SALE OF NEWSTEAD. | 9 |
10 | MEMOIR OF REV. F. HODGSON. |
I do not know what are B.’s plans. Lady B. says nothing can be decided upon till their affairs are in some degree arranged. They have been anxious to procure a temporary habitation in my neighbourhood, which would be convenient to him and delightful to me, if his presence is required in Town upon this sad Newstead business. But I’m sorry to say I cannot hear of any likely to suit
1 Lord Portsmouth, who had recently married a daughter of Lord Byron’s agent and solicitor, Mr. Hanson. |
AFFECTION FOR NEWSTEAD ABBEY. | 11 |
Now, dear Mr. H., I have, I fear, almost tired you, at least I should fear it on any other subject. I wish you had told me a great deal more of you and yours; pray do this whenever your pen has not
12 | MEMOIR OF REV. F. HODGSON. |
P.S.—Lady B.
writes me word she never saw her father and mother so happy: that she
believes the latter would go to the bottom of the sea herself to find fish
for B.’s dinner, that he (B.) owns
at last that he is very happy and comfortable at Seaham, though he had pre-determined to be very miserable. In some of her
letters she mentions his health not being very good, though he seldom
complains, but say’s both that and his spirits have been improved by
some daily walks she had prevailed on him to take; and attributes much of
his languor in ye morning and feverish feels at
night to his long fasts, succeeded by too hearty meals for any weak and empty stomach to
bear at one time, waking by night and sleeping by day. I flatter myself her influence will prevail over these bad
habits. They had been playing the fool one evening, ‘old and HAPPINESS OF LORD AND LADY BYRON. 13
Dear Mr. Hodgson,—I would not have delayed answering your letter even one post, but with the hope of procuring you a more welcome reply than mine can possibly be. I flatter myself, however, that before this letter comes to an end you will pronounce me a more agreeable correspondent than you expected to find me, for I’ve nothing but agreeables to communicate, on a subject of the greatest interest to you as well as to me. B. and Lady B. arrived here last Sunday, on their way from the North to London, where they have taken a very good house of the Duke of Devonshire in Piccadilly. I hope they will stay some days longer with me, and shall regret their departure, whenever it takes place, as much as I now delight in their society. B. is looking particularly well, and of Lady B. I scarcely know how to write, for I have a sad trick of being struck dumb when I am most happy and pleased. The expectations I had formed
14 | MEMOIR OF REV. F. HODGSON. |
1 Hodgson had expressed anxiety lest he should in some manner have offended Byron, who had not written to him for some months. |
BYRON’S AFFECTIONATE NATURE. | 15 |
Col. L. is in the North.
16 | MEMOIR OF REV. F. HODGSON. |
Dear Mr. Hodgson,—Byron and Lady B. left me on Tuesday for London. I will forward your letter to him by this post. I am a little puzzled how to answer your queries about Mr. H., but I will tell you all I know, which is that by Mr. Hobhouse’s advice, his affairs and Mr. Hanson’s accounts are to be put into the hands of another professional man, whose name at this moment I forget. Mr. H. has not yet delivered up his accounts, consequently all remains in uncertainty. I think B. and Lady B. both suspect all has not been right, but, of course, judgment must be suspended till proof is obtained. There are circumstances strongly against Mr. H.
B. will probably write to you immediately. He talked of it
while here after I received your last letter; which was the cause of my being silent. I was well aware one word from him
would do more towards quieting your alarms than pages from me. I am sorry to
say his nerves and spirits are very far from what I wish them, but don’t
speak of this to him on any account. I think the uncomfortable state of his
affairs is the cause; at least, I can discern no other. He has every outward
blessing this world can bestow. I trust that the Almighty will be graciously
pleased to grant him those SISTERLY SYMPATHY. 17
You may be perfectly easy about B.’s friendship towards you. I am positive there is not a shadow of a cause for fidget. This I could better explain were you here at this moment, but do at least believe that I would not deceive you on this subject—the last on which I could bear to be deceived (even from motives of kindness) myself. When you have leisure write to me, and do tell me all the good you can of yourself and your prospects, and be assured that they will ever be most interesting to
Dear Mr. Hodgson,—I am desired by B. to write you a few lines of recommendation for your new pupil to convey to you. I cannot make out
18 | MEMOIR OF REV. F. HODGSON. |
Now for the pupil. To the best of B.’s knowledge and belief he is excessively clever, but rather behind-hand from a long vacation of fourteen months. He is to be brought up to the Bar, and nobody can bring him there so soon as you, B. says.
I am allowed to add a P.S. to excuse myself for writing such a stupid letter, it being B.’s dictation. One word of common-sense. B. desires me to add Lady B. is ———, and that Lord Wentworth has left all to her mother, and then to Lady B. and children; but B. is, he says, a ‘very miserable dog’ for all that!
Dear Mr.
Hodgson,—I am quite ashamed when I think how very long your last kind letter has re-CONGRATULATIONS. 19
My brother has just left me, having been here since last Wednesday, when he arrived very unexpectedly. I never saw him so well, and he is in the best spirits, and desired me to add his congratulations to mine upon your marriage. I was in hopes you might have seen him in London, as Col. L. informed me he had the pleasure of meeting you.
I will not now tire you with a longer letter, but must add that I always look forward with great pleasure to the hope of seeing you again, and renewing my acquaintance with Mrs. Hodgson.
20 | MEMOIR OF REV. F. HODGSON. |
P.S.—I forgot to say when on the B. subject, that he gave me the best accounts of Lady B.’s health.
The next letter was written three weeks after the final departure of Lady Byron from her husband, when the fatal separation, though not quite inevitable, was alarmingly imminent.
Dear Mr.
Hodgson,—Can you by any means contrive
to come up to Town? Were it only for a day, it might be
of the most essential service to a friend I know you love and value. There is
too much fear of a separation between him and his wife. No time is to be lost,
but even if you are too late to prevent that happening
decidedly, yet it would be the greatest comfort and
relief to me to confide other circumstances to you, and consult you; and so if
possible oblige me, if only for twenty-four hours. Say not a word of my summons; but attribute your coming, if you come, to
business of your own SEPARATION OF LORD AND LADY BYRON. 21
It is probable I may be obliged to go home next week. If my scheme appears wild, pray attribute it to the state of mind I am in. Alas! I see only ruin and destruction in every shape to one most dear to me.
Hodgson at once responded to this appeal by taking the first stage-coach to London, where the next letter was addressed to him at his lodgings near Piccadilly.
How very good of you, dear Mr. Hodgson! I intend showing the letter to B., as I think he will jump at seeing you just now, but I must see you first; and how? I am now going to Mr. Hanson’s from B. I’m afraid of your meeting people here who do no good, and would counteract yours; but will you call about two or after that, and ask for me first? I shall be home, I hope, and must see you. If I’m out ask for Capt. B.
22 | MEMOIR OF REV. F. HODGSON. |
Dear Mr.
Hodgson,—I’ve been unable to write to you till this
moment. Mr. H. stayed till a late hour, and is now here again. B. dined with me, and after I left the room I sent
your note in, thinking him in better spirits and more free from irritations. He
has only just mentioned it to me: ‘Oh, by the bye, I’ve had a note
from H., Augusta, whom you must write to and say I’m
so full of domestic calamities that I can’t see anybody.’ Still, I
think he will see you if he hears you are here, or that
even it would be better, if the worst came to the worst, to let the servant
announce you and walk in. Can you call here about eleven tomorrow morning, when
he will not be up or scarcely awake, and Capt.
B., you, and I can hold a council on what is best to be done?
The fact is, he is now afraid of everybody who would
tell him the truth. It is a most dreadful situation, dear Mr. H.! The worst is
that if you said ‘you have done so and so,’
&c., he would deny it; and I see he is afraid of your
despair, as he terms it, when you hear of his situation, and, in
short, of your telling him the truth. He can only bear to see those who flatter
him and encourage him to all that is wrong. I’ve not mentioned having
seen you, because I wish him to suppose your opinions unprejudiced. You INTERVIEW WITH LORD BYRON. 23
Dear Mr. H.,—About three you will be sure of finding me, if not sooner. I’ve sent in your letter; he said in return I was to do what I pleased about it. I think and hope he will find comfort in seeing you.
Dear Mr. H.,—B. will see you. I saw him open your note, and said I had given his message this morning, when I had seen you and talked generally on the subject of his present situation of which you had before heard. He replied, ‘Oh, then, tell him I will see him certainly; my reason for not was the fear of distressing him.’ You had better call towards three, and wait if he is not yet out of his room. Mr. Hanson has sent for me in conse-
24 | MEMOIR OF REV. F. HODGSON. |
Immediately after the interview, which took place on the day after the last note was written, Hodgson, feeling that nothing could be lost and that much might be gained by judicious remonstrance, resolved to hazard an appeal to Lady Byron’s feelings; with what success will be seen from her Ladyship’s reply. It is impossible to over-estimate the combined tact and zeal displayed by Hodgson in this most delicate and difficult matter.
Whether I am out-stepping the bounds of prudence in this
address to your Ladyship I cannot feel assured; and yet there is so much at
stake in a quarter so loved and valuable, that I cannot forbear running the
risque, and making one effort more to plead a cause which your Ladyship’s
own heart must plead with a power so superior to all other voices. If, then, a
word that is here said only adds to the pain of this unhappy conflict between
affection and views of duty, without lending any ATTEMPTED MEDIATION. 25
After a long and most confidential conversation with my friend (whom I have known thoroughly, I believe, for many trying years), I am convinced that the deep and rooted feeling of his heart is regret and sorrow for the occurrences which have so deeply wounded you; and the most unmixed admiration of your conduct in all its particulars, and the warmest affection. But may I be allowed to state to Lady Byron that Lord B., after his general acknowledgment of having frequently been very wrong, and, from various causes, in a painful state of irritation, yet declares himself ignorant of the specific things which have given the principal offence, and that he wishes to hear them; that he may, if extenuation or atonement be possible, endeavour to make some reply; or, at all events, may understand the fulness of those reasons which have now, and as unexpectedly as afflictingly, driven your Ladyship to the step you have taken.
It would be waste of words and idle presumption for me, however your Ladyship’s goodness
26 | MEMOIR OF REV. F. HODGSON. |
Whatever, then, may be against it, whatever restraining remembrances or anticipations, to a person who was not already qualified by sad experience to teach this very truth, I would say that there is a claim paramount to all others,—that of attempting to save the human beings nearest and dearest to us from the most comprehensive ruin that can be suffered by them, at the expense of any suffering to ourselves.
If I have not gone too far, I would add that so suddenly
and at once to shut every avenue to re-SENSIBLE ADVICE. 27
Be all that is right called out into action, all that is wrong suppressed (and by your only instrumentality, Lady Byron, as by yours only it can be) in my dear friend. May you both yet be what God intended you for: the support, the watchful correction, and improvement of each other! Of yourself, Lord B. from his heart declares that he would wish nothing altered—nothing but that sudden, surely sudden, determination which must for ever destroy one of you, and perhaps even both. God bless both!
28 | MEMOIR OF REV. F. HODGSON. |
Lady Byron’s answer was as follows:—
Dear Sir,—I feel most sensibly the kindness of a remonstrance which equally proves your friendship for Lord Byron and consideration for me. I have declined all discussion of this subject with others, but my knowledge of your principles induces me to justify my own; and yet I would forbear to accuse as much as possible.
I married Lord B.
determined to endure everything whilst there was any
chance of my contributing to his welfare. I remained with him under trials of
the severest nature. In leaving him, which, however, I can scarcely call a voluntary measure, I probably saved him from the
bitterest remorse. I may give you a general idea of what I have experienced by
saying that he married me with the deepest determination of Revenge, avowed on
the day of my marriage, and executed ever since with systematic and increasing
cruelty, which no affection could change. . . . . My security depended on the
total abandonment of every moral and religious principle, against which (though
I trust they were never obtruded) his hatred and endeavours were uniformly
directed. . . . . The circumstances, which are of too convincing a nature,
shall not be generally known whilst Lord LETTER FROM LAUY BYRON. 29
With you I may consider this subject in a less worldly point of view. Is the present injury to his reputation to be put in competition with the danger of unchecked success to this wicked pride? and may not his actual sufferings (in which, be assured, that affection for me has very little share) expiate a future account? I know him too well to dread the fatal event which he so often mysteriously threatens. I have acquired my knowledge of him bitterly indeed, and it was long before I learned to mistrust the apparent candour by which he deceives all but himself. He does know—too well—what he affects to inquire.
You reason with me as I have reasoned with myself, and I therefore derive from your letter an additional and melancholy confidence in the rectitude of this determination, which has been deliberated on the grounds that you would approve. It was not suggested, and has not been enforced, by others; though it is sanctioned by my parents.
You will continue Lord Byron’s friend, and the time may yet come when he will receive from that friendship such benefits as he now rejects. I will even indulge the consolatory thought that the
30 | MEMOIR OF REV. F. HODGSON. |
I must add that Lord Byron had been fully, earnestly, and affectionately warned of the unhappy consequences of his conduct.
It is most unfortunate that the second letter which Hodgson wrote on this most distressing occasion is lost, but some clue to its contents may be gathered from Lady Byron’s reply:—
Dear Sir,—I have received your second letter. First let me thank you for the charity with which you consider my motives; and now of the principal subject.
I eagerly adopted the belief of insanity as a consolation;
and though such malady has been found insufficient to prevent his
responsibility with man, I will still trust that it may latently exist LETTER FROM LADY BYRON. 31
Considering the case upon the supposition of derangement: you may have heard, what every medical adviser would confirm, that it is in the nature of such malady to reverse the affections, and to make those who would naturally be dearest, the greatest objects of aversion, the most exposed to acts of violence, and the least capable of alleviating the malady. Upon such grounds my absence from Lord B. was medically advised before I left Town. But the advisers had not then seen him, and since Mr. Le Mann has had opportunities of personal observation, it has been found that the supposed physical causes do not exist so as to render him not an accountable agent.
I believe the nature of Lord B.’s mind to be most benevolent. But there may have been circumstances (I would hope the consequences, not the causes, of mental disorder) which would render an original tenderness of conscience the motive of desperation—even of guilt—when self-esteem had been forfeited too far. No external motive can be so strong. Goodness of heart—when there are
32 | MEMOIR OF REV. F. HODGSON. |
Every possible means have been employed to effect a private and amicable arrangement; and I would sacrifice such advantages in terms as, I believe, the Law would ensure to me, to avoid this dreadful necessity. Yet I must have some security, and Lord B. refuses to afford any. If you could persuade him to the agreement you would save me from what I most deprecate. I have now applied to Lord Holland for that end.
If you wish to answer—and I shall always be happy to hear from you—I must request you to enclose your letter to my father, Sir Ralph Noel, Mivart’s Hotel, Lower Brook Street, London, as I am not sure where I may be at that time.
My considerations of duty are of a very complicated nature; but my duty as a mother seems to point out the same conduct as I pursue upon other principles that I have partly explained.
I must observe upon one passage of your letter, that I have had (sic) expectations of personal violence, though I was too miserable to have feelings of fear, and those expectations would now be still stronger.
In regard to any change which the future state POSSIBLE REUNION. 33
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