The Life of Lord Byron
Chapter XXI
CHAPTER XXI.
Smyrna.—The sport of the Djerid.—Journey to Ephesus.—The dead
city.—The desolate country.—The ruins and obliteration of the temple.—The
slight impression of all on Byron.
The passage in the Pylades from Athens to Smyrna was performed
without accident or adventure.
At Smyrna Lord Byron remained several
days, and saw for the first time the Turkish pastime of the Djerid, a species of tournament to
which he more than once alludes. I shall therefore describe the amusement.
The Musselim or Governor, with the chief agas of the city, mounted on horses
superbly caparisoned, and attended by slaves, meet, commonly on Sunday morning, on their
playground. Each of the riders is furnished with one or two djerids, straight white sticks, a
little thinner than an umbrella-stick, less at one end than at the other and about an ell in
length, together with a thin cane crooked at the head. The horsemen, perhaps a hundred in
number, gallop about in as narrow a space as possible, throwing the djerids at each other and
shouting. Each man then selects an opponent who has darted his djerid or is for the moment
without a weapon, and rushes furiously towards him, screaming “Olloh! Olloh!” The
other flies, looking behind him, and the instant the dart is launched stoops downwards as low
as possible, or wields his horse with inconceivable rapidity, and picking up a djerid with his
cane, or taking one from a running slave, pursues in his turn the enemy, who wheels on the
instant he darts his weapon. The greatest dexterity is requisite in these
mimic battles to avoid the concurrence of the “javelin-darting crowd,” and to
escape the random blows of the flying djerids.
Byron, having satisfied his curiosity with Smyrna, which is
so like every other Turkish town as to excite but little interest, set out with Mr. Hobhouse on the 13th of March, for Ephesus. As I soon
after passed along the same road, I shall here describe what I met with myself in the course of
the journey, it being probable that the incidents were in few respects different from those
which they encountered.
On ascending the heights after leaving Smyrna, the road was remarkable in
being formed of the broken relics of ancient edifices partly macadamised. On the brow of the
hill I met a numerous caravan of camels coming from the interior of Asia. These ships of the
desert, variously loaded, were moving slowly to their port, and it seemed to me as I rode past
them, that the composed docile look of the animals possessed a sort of domesticated grace which
lessened the effect of their deformity.
A caravan, owing to the oriental dresses of the passengers and attendants,
with the numerous grotesque circumstances which it presents to the stranger, affords an amusing
spectacle. On the back of one camel three or four children were squabbling in a basket; in
another cooking utensils were clattering; and from a crib on a third a young camel looked forth
inquiringly on the world: a long desultory train of foot-passengers and cattle brought up the
rear.
On reaching the summit of the hills behind Smyrna the road lies through
fields and cotton-grounds, well cultivated and interspersed with country houses. After an easy
ride of three or four hours I passed through the ruins of a considerable Turkish town,
containing four or five mosques, one of them, a handsome building, still entire; about twenty
houses or so might be described as tenantable, but only a place of se-
pulchres could be more awful: it had been depopulated by the plague—all was silent, and
the streets were matted with thick grass. In passing through an open space, which reminded me
of a market-place, I heard the cuckoo with an indescribable sensation of pleasure mingled with
solemnity. The sudden presence of a raven at a bridal banquet could scarcely have been a
greater phantasma.
Proceeding briskly from this forsaken and dead city, I arrived in the course
of about half an hour at a coffee-house on the banks of a small stream, where I partook of some
refreshment in the shade of three or four trees, on which several storks were conjugally
building their nests. While resting there, I became interested in their work, and observed,
that when any of their acquaintances happened to fly past with a stick, they chattered a sort
of How-d’ye-do to one another. This civility was so uniformly and reciprocally performed,
that the politeness of the stork may be regarded as even less disputable than its piety.
The road from that coffee-house lies for a mile or two along the side of a
marshy lake, the environs of which are equally dreary and barren; an extensive plain succeeds,
on which I noticed several broken columns of marble, and the evident traces of an ancient
causeway, which apparently led through the water. Near the extremity of the lake was another
small coffee-house, with a burial-ground and a mosque near it; and about four or five miles
beyond I passed a spot, to which several Turks brought a coffinless corpse, and laid it on the
grass while they silently dug a grave to receive it.
The road then ascended the hills on the south side of the plain, of which
the marshy lake was the centre, and passed through a tract of country calculated to inspire
only apprehension and melancholy. Not a habitation nor vestige of living man was in sight, but
several cemeteries, with their dull funereal cypresses
and tombstones
served to show that the country had once been inhabited.
Just as the earliest stars began to twinkle I arrived at a third
coffee-house on the roadside, with a little mosque before it, a spreading beech tree for
travellers to recline under in the spring, and a rude shed for them in showers or the more
intense sunshine of summer. Here I rested for the night, and in the morning at daybreak resumed
my journey.
After a short ride I reached the borders of the plain of Ephesus, across
which I passed along a road rudely constructed, and raised above the marsh, consisting of
broken pillars, entablatures, and inscriptions, at the end of which two other paths diverge;
one strikes off to the left, and leads over the Cayster by a bridge above the castle of
Aiasaluk—the other, leading to the right, or west, goes directly to Scala Nuova, the
ancient Neapolis. By the latter Byron and his friend
proceeded towards the ferry, which they crossed, and where they found the river about the size
of the Cam at Cambridge, but more rapid and deeper. They then rode up the south bank, and about
three o’clock in the afternoon arrived at Aiasaluk, the miserable village which now
represents the city of Ephesus.
Having put up their beds in a mean khan, the only one in the town, they
partook of some cold provisions which they had brought with them on a stone seat by the side of
a fountain, on an open green near to a mosque, shaded with tall cypresses. During their repast
a young Turk approached the fountain, and after washing his feet and hands, mounted a flat
stone, placed evidently for the purpose on the top of the wall surrounding the mosque, and
devoutly said his prayers, totally regardless of their appearance and operations.
The remainder of the afternoon was spent in exploring the ruins of Aiasaluk,
and next morning they proceeded to examine those of the castle, and the
mouldering magnificence of Ephesus. The remains of the celebrated temple of Diana, one of the
wonders of the ancient world, could not be satisfactorily traced; fragments of walls and
arches, which had been plated with marble, were all they could discover, with many broken
columns that had once been mighty in their altitude and strength: several fragments were
fifteen feet long, and of enormous circumference. Such is the condition of that superb edifice,
which was, in its glory, four hundred and twenty feet long by two hundred and twenty feet
broad, and adorned with more than a hundred and twenty columns sixty feet high.
When the travellers had satisfied their curiosity, if that can be called
satisfaction which found no entire form, but saw only the rubbish of desolation and the
fragments of destruction, they returned to Smyrna.
The investigation of the ruins of Ephesus was doubtless interesting at the
time, but the visit produced no such impression on the mind of Byron as might have been expected. He never directly refers to it in his works:
indeed, after Athens, the relics of Ephesus are things but of small import, especially to an
imagination which, like that of the poet, required the action of living characters to awaken
its dormant sympathies.
Leigh Hunt,
Lord Byron and Some of his Contemporaries (London: Henry Colburn, 1828)
An article was
written in “The Westminster
Review” (Medwin says
by Mr. Hobhouse) to show that the Conversations were altogether unworthy of
credit. There are doubtless many inaccuracies in the latter; but the spirit remains
undoubted; and the author of the criticism was only vexed, that such was the fact. He
assumes, that Lord Byron could not have made this or that statement to
Captain Medwin, because the statement was erroneous or untrue; but
an anonymous author has no right to be believed in preference to one who speaks in his own
name: there is nothing to show that Mr. Hobhouse might not have been
as mistaken about a date or an epigram as Mr. Medwin; and when we find
him giving us his own version of a fact, and Mr. Medwin asserting that
Lord Byron gave him another, the only impression left upon the
mind of any body who knew his Lordship is, that the fault most probably lay in the loose
corners of the noble Poet’s vivacity. Such is the impression made upon the author of
an unpublished Letter to Mr.
Hobhouse, which has been shown me in print; and he had a right to it. The
reviewer, to my knowledge, is mistaken upon some points, as well as the person he reviews.
The assumption, that nobody can know any thing about Lord Byron but
two or three persons who were conversant with him for a certain space of time, and whom he
spoke of with as little ceremony, and would hardly treat with more confidence than he did a
hundred others, is ludicrous; and can only end, as the criticism has done, in doing no good
either to him or them. . . .
John Galt,
“Pot versus Kettle” in Fraser’s Magazine
Vol. 2
No. 11 (December 1830)
“Dear Sir;—Amongst the
agreeable things which you say of me in your life of Lord Byron, you conjecture that I
‘condemned’
Childe Harold
previously to its publication. There is not the slightest foundation for this
supposition—nor is it true as you state, ‘that I was the only person
who had seen the poem in manuscript, as I was with Lord
Byron whilst he was writing it.’ I had left
Lord Byron before he had finished the two cantos, and,
excepting a few fragments, I had never seen them until they were printed. My own
persuasion is, that the story told in Dallas’s Recollections of some
person, name unknown, having dissuaded Lord Byron from
publishing Childe Harold, is a
mere fabrication, for it is at complete variance with all Lord
Byron himself told me on the subject. At any rate, I was not that
person; if I had been, it is not very likely that the poem which I had endeavoured
to stifle in its birth, should, in its complete, or, as Lord
Byron says, in its ‘concluded state,’ be dedicated to
me. I must, therefore, request you will take the earliest opportunity of relieving
me from this imputation, which, so far as a man can be written down by any other
author than himself, cannot fail to produce a very prejudicial effect, and to give
me more uneasiness than I think it can be your wish to inflict on any man who has
never given you provocation or excuse for injustice. . . .
John Galt,
“Pot versus Kettle” in Fraser’s Magazine
Vol. 2
No. 11 (December 1830)
I am glad to find my college
stories administered relief to your nerves, when we were together in the Malta
packet some one and twenty years ago; and I am not sorry that my wearing a red
coat at Cagliari, and cutting my finger in the quarries of Pentelicus, should
have furnished materials for your present volume; but to repay me for having
supplied these timely episodes, as well as for your copious extracts from my
travels in Albania, and also for inserting my note about Madame Guiccioli without my leave, you must
positively cancel the passage respecting Childe Harold
in page 161 of your little volume. . . .
John Galt,
“Pot versus Kettle” in Fraser’s Magazine
Vol. 2
No. 11 (December 1830)
I wonder that even common policy did not induce you to be
more cautious in making statements which might be so easily disproved, and
which have, indeed, been already incontrovertibly refuted. The very
conversation, which you have judiciously selected from Medwin, as one of those parts of his trumpery book to the truth of which you
can speak, I know to be a lie; for I never went the tour of the lake of Geneva
with Lord Byron. . . .
John Galt,
“Pot versus Kettle” in Fraser’s Magazine
Vol. 2
No. 11 (December 1830)
You tell me that your wish has
been to give only an outline of his intellectual character. I am at a loss to
understand how your gossip about him and me, and the silly anecdotes you have
copied from very discreditable authorities, can be said to be fairly comprised
in such an outline. But your plan ought certainly to have compelled you to make
yourself thoroughly acquainted with his poetry, and to quote him just as he
wrote. Nevertheless, you have misrepresented him at least nine times in the ten
stanzas of that poem which you call the last, and which was not the last, he
ever wrote. Oh, for shame! stick to your acknowledged fictions—there you
are safe—you may deal with Leddy
Grippy and Laurie Todd as
you please, but not with those who have really lived, or who are still
alive. . . .
[John Wilson et. al.],
“Noctes Ambrosianae XVII” in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine
Vol. 16
No. 94 (November 1824)
And there was another funny thing o’ his, till a queer looking lad, one
Mr. Skeffington, that wrote a tragedy, that was called
“The Mysterious Bride,” the whilk
thing made the Times newspaper for once witty—for it
said no more o’t, than just “Last night a play called The Mysterious
Bride, by the Honorable Mr. Skeffington, was performed at Drury Lane.
The piece was damned.” Weel, ye see it happened that there was a masquerade some nights after,
and Mr. Cam Hobhouse gaed till’t in the disguise
o’ a Spanish nun, that had been ravished by the French army— . . .
John Cam Hobhouse, baron Broughton (1786-1869)
Founder of the Cambridge Whig Club; traveled with Byron in the orient, radical MP for
Westminster (1820); Byron's executor; after a long career in politics published
Some Account of a Long Life (1865) later augmented as
Recollections of a Long Life, 6 vols (1909-1911).