In Whig Society 1775-1818
Frederick Foster to Lady Melbourne, [November 1802]
“We have been very gay lately. Last night we went to a
Ball at M[adam]e Recamier’s, it
was a very pretty one & lasted till 5 in the morning. Vestris1 danced &
most excessively well, & there
1 Famous French ballet dancer (1729-1808). He
is reported to have said, “There are but three great men in
Europe—the King of
Prussia, Voltaire and I.”
|
was some very fine Dancing besides. The House is not very
large but is extremely pretty, the furniture of her Bedroom & Boudoir
beautiful. She has been as good natur’d as possible to L[ad]y [E]Liz[abeth Foster] & has promised
to invite Moreau to meet us at a small
Party. By the bye a person asked Moreau if he ever visited
Bonaparte. He replied never, &
that ‘il a fait une impertinence à moi & à mon
armée’—this is pretty strong I think, & as
Mr. Hare told it to us, is I daresay
true. We have met Jourdan there a good
deal. He was, you may recollect, a Member of the Council of 500 & was
intended for Deportation by the Directory, but luckily escaped. He is very
Gentlemanlike & pleasing in his manners, & is reckoned a very clever
& eloquent man, but by no means in favor at present with the Consul, indeed
very few of the famous Leaders of the Revolution, good or bad, are. I met Tallien at a dinner the other day, he seems quite out of humour
with Buonaparte & spoke his mind pretty freely about
him. He has the appearance of a Gentleman Murderer,
& talks of Guillotines & slaughter with the greatest coolness &
composure—his manners are very civil & his Conversation & look
give me the idea of a Philosophe-Bourreau. He was very communicative & told
me that it was their Plan to have murdered the King on the 10th of August but that
‘Judas’ Roederer, as he call’d him, prevented it, by persuading
the K[ing] to go to the assembly. I said—mais
pour la Reine et la famille Royale, what was to have
become of them? O tout ça aurait
passé—& then, said he, the Republick
would have arisen sage et tranquille,
& we should not have been embarassed by the Trials of
the King & Queen &c. The King, he allowed, was the best man in his
Kingdom, & that the Q[ueen] had been
cruelly traduced—but he complained of the coldness of her manner to him
when he was on guard over them at the Tuilleries & Temple, but that the
K[ing] & he agreed very well. He added that it was Cambaceres, now 2d. Consul, Herault de Sechelles, guillotined by Robespierre, & himself who prepared the
papers for the King’s Trial. On the 9th Thermidor, when
Robespierre was overthrown, he told me that he,
Collot d’Herbois &
Billaud de Varennes placed
themselves, armed with daggers, behind Rob[ert]
Couthon & St. Just,
determined to have stabbed them, had not the Convention decreed their arrest.
He said that Rob[ert Couthon] had great Influence over the
Populace, & that they had an Idea of his great Incorruptibility. On the 13
Vendemiere when the Parisians attacked the Convention it was he that
recommended Bonaparte to Barras & Freron, to
command their Troops, & that B[onaparte] was then so
poor that they were obliged to borrow him a Horse & an uniform—&
that Bonap[arte] had been very near taking the part of the
Parisians—(you recollect how completely he licked them)—but that
when Menou wished to parley with the mob
& prevent Bloodshed, Bonap[arte] refused, & having
waited till they approachd pretty near, opend upon them a tremendous fire of
Cannon, & which to use T[aillen’s] own word,
completely Balaye’d them. He lamented very much
the death of Hoche, said that
Moreau had no civil Talents, & mentioned as a good
Trait of Gen. Junot, that he was a
bon Sabreur, tho’ no
great officer. He said that the Lawyers had done all the
mischief in the Assemblys by their Metaphysicks & Law-jargon, & really praised the E[nglish] H[ouse] of Commons for not
listening to Erskine & his crew. His
only favorites seem to be Barras &
Freron—both pretty scoundrels. Danton he admird but thought that in the
massacres of September he had perhaps ‘laisse le peuple trop
agir.’ . . . I think I have given you a pretty good dose of
Tallien & its not my fault if you don’t
think & dream for this month to come, of Tallien,
Barrere, Santerre, the Guillotine & Co. I must just tell you that
Barrere considers himself as the Virtuous man,
persecuted by the Wicked. He said to a Gentleman that he was afraid the
Revol[ution] appeared to the World in the light of a Crime éclatante. This Virtuous Martyr, you know,
was president of the Committee (of public Safety, I think it was) when in 5
weeks upwards of 1200 people were put to death by its (orders?) & he it was
who proposed to ‘balayer’ (the prisons 7).1
I must have done with these (monsters), & say a word about their mighty
master the modern Cæsar—whom one can hardly praise or abuse too
much. I heard a curious anecdote of him. He told a Gentleman that the
Aegyptiens regretted him very much & that their sorcerers predicted his
return. We expect to be presented by Lord
Whitworth next Monday, & on Thursday I believe to Madame Bonaparte—her son Beauharnais was at M[adam]e
Rec[amie]r last night & at the D[uche]ss [of] Gordon’s ball a few nights ago—he
seems gentlemanlike & unassuming. By the bye the D[uche]ss
Gordon in her happy manner & choice French
took the opportunity of observing to Mr.
Seger whilst Beauh[arnais] was standing
close bye him, that Bonap: only waited to equip his fleets to declare War
against England.”
Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac (1755-1841)
French journalist, revolutionary politician, and regicide who was one of the first to
turn on Robespierre.
Eugène de Beauharnais (1781-1824)
The son of the Empress Josephine and step-child of Napoleon, he was given the title of
Prince Français.
Jacques Nicolas Billaud-Varenne (1756-1819)
French orator and member of the Committee of Public Safety deported after the Reign of
Terror; he died in Haiti.
Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois (1749-1796)
French actor, playwright, and revolutionary politician who as a member of the Committee
of Public Safety was instrumental in the Terror.
Georges Auguste Couthon (1755-1794)
French politician, lawyer, and member of the Committee of Public Safety; with Robespierre
he died by the guillotine.
Georges-Jacques Danton (1759-1794)
French revolutionary leader who was guillotined after his break with Robespierre.
Thomas Erskine, first baron Erskine (1750-1823)
Scottish barrister who was a Whig MP for Portsmouth (1783-84, 1790-1806); after defending
the political radicals Hardy, Tooke, and Thelwall in 1794 he was lord chancellor in the
short-lived Grenville-Fox administration (1806-07).
Frederick II of Prussia (1712-1786)
King of Prussia (1740-86) and military commander in the War of the Austrian Succession
and Seven Years War.
Jane Gordon, duchess of Gordon [née Maxwell] (1748-1812)
One of London's most prominent hostesses; in 1767 she married Alexander Gordon, fourth
duke of Gordon. She was active in Tory politics and married three of her daughters to
dukes.
James Hare (1747-1804)
MP for Stockbridge (1772-74) and Knaresborough (1781-1804); he was a close friend of
Charles James Fox, R. B. Sheridan, and the Duchess of Devonshire. In person he was
remarkably thin and pale, arousing comments.
Marie-Jean Hérault de Séchelles (1759-1794)
French politician and member of the Committee of Public Safety during the Terror, he was
executed on orders from Robespierre.
Lazare Hoche (1768-1797)
French general responsible for pacifying the Vendée (1794-96) and planning an invasion of
Ireland (1796).
Empress Joséphine (1763-1814)
Consort of Napoleon, whom she married in 1796 after her first husband was guillotined;
she was divorced in 1809.
Jean-Andoche Junot (1771-1813)
French general who commanded the invasion of Portugal in 1807 and was driven back by
Wellington the following year.
Louis XVI, king of France (1754-1793)
King of France 1774-1793; the husband of Marie Antoinette, he was guillotined 21 January
1793.
Queen Marie-Antoinette (1755-1793)
Queen of France, consort of Louis XVI whom she married in 1770; she was convicted of
treason and guillotined during the French Revolution.
Jacques-Francois Menou (1750-1810)
French general who surrendered Egypt to the Allies; he was afterwards appointed governor
of Tuscany (1805), and governor of Venice.
Jean Victor Marie Moreau (1763-1813)
French general who defeated the Austrians at Hohenlinden (1800) and was later exiled by
Napoleon.
Emperor Napoleon I (1769-1821)
Military leader, First Consul (1799), and Emperor of the French (1804), after his
abdication he was exiled to Elba (1814); after his defeat at Waterloo he was exiled to St.
Helena (1815).
Jeanne-Françoise Récamier (1777-1849)
Friend of Madame de Staël and lover of Benjamin Constant; her
Souvenirs
et correspondance was published in 1859.
Maximilien Robespierre (1758-1794)
The most dogmatic and aggressive of French revolutionary leaders; he sent Danton to the
guillotine.
Pierre Louis Roederer (1754-1835)
French revolutionary politician, historian, and professor of political economy.
Louis Antoine de Saint-Just (1767-1794)
French Revolutionary aligned with Robespierre; a member of the Committee of Public Safety
during the Terror, he died by the guillotine.
Antoine Joseph Santerre (1752-1809)
French brewer and unpopular member of the Parisian National Guard; he was involved in the
storming of the Bastille, the execution of Louis XVI, and the massacre in the
Vendée.
Jean-Lambert Tallien (1767-1820)
French journalist and Jacobin politician; he survived the Terror only to lose influence
under Napoleon and, separated from his famous wife Madame Cabarrus, spent his later years
in poverty.
Auguste Vestris (1760-1842)
French dancer, the illegitimate son of Gaëtan Vestris (1729-1808) and father of the
dancer Armand Vestris (1787-1825), husband of Lucia Elizabeth, Madame Vestris.
Voltaire (1694-1778)
French historian and man of letters; author of, among many other works,
The Age of Louis XIV (1751) and
Candide (1759).