My Friends and Acquaintance
William Hazlitt XXV
XXV.
HIS PERSONAL CONTEMPORARIES (concluded).—BARRY CORNWALL AND SHERIDAN
KNOWLES.
Among his literary contemporaries there was none to whom
Hazlitt did more justice than to the exquisite
writer known to the reading public as Barry
Cornwall. His personal intimacy with that writer commenced, I believe, almost
immediately after the appearance of the “Dramatic Scenes;” and it endured, without
breach, till Hazlitt’s death—a period of pretty nearly twenty
years. I doubt if the same can be said of any one other of his intimacies—I mean the unbroken continuance of it. But there is—as in what case is there
not?—between the writings of that delightful poet and his personal character a beautiful
correspondence and relationship, which, to those who know him, cause them to act and react
upon each other, till the result is a pervading sense of gentle sweetness of temperament,
and genial good-
ness of heart, which those petty pains and
discrepancies that are so apt to disturb the current of our ordinary intercourse are
incapable of suffering. To quarrel about trifles with a man who has added to our
intellectual wealth to the extent that Barry Cornwall has, is
difficult under any circumstances; but to do so when every feature of his poetry is
reflected in his personal character is impossible; and not even
Hazlitt could do it, who could quarrel upon a look, a movement, or
a shadow. I have twenty times seen him try to do it—always by
“making the meat” on which his incipient anger was to be nourished. But his
efforts at self-tormenting always ended where they began—in feeling, at least, if he could
not see, the error and injustice of his suspicions.
In speaking of the justice which Hazlitt rendered to the literary pretensions of Barry Cornwall, I must be understood to mean that comparative measure of it
which alone he was in the habit of meting out to his contemporaries, when called upon to do
so professionally as a critic, or personally when speaking of them in conversation. In
re-
ferring to the characteristics of Barry
Cornwall’s writings, Hazlitt was not unjust or
stinting in his praise. But with the amount of his beauties as a poet, he was as little
acquainted as he was with that of any other of his contemporaries—for the simple reason, as
before stated, that he had not read a twentieth part of them. What he had read he fully
appreciated; but beyond that he had not only nothing to say, but he felt nothing. And this
is as if one should profess to understand and appreciate Milton by reading his Lycidas, or Pope by his Epistles or his
Satires.
Among all Hazlitt’s
acquaintance and friends, there was not one more tolerant and considerate towards him, or
more kind and generous to the last, than was Barry
Cornwall. He was among the very few—some “two or one”—to whom
Hazlitt knew and felt that he might always resort, at a moment of
real need or difficulty, without fear of meeting with unkindness or repulse; or, what was
more obnoxious to him, that miserable modicum of remonstrance and “good advice”
which people are so apt to dole out as an
obligate accompaniment to
the strain, whose music is thus turned into the elements of discord.
For Sheridan Knowles, Hazlitt felt great personal kindness and regard. He was
never more entirely at ease than in the company of that natural and happily-constituted
man. They had met very early in life, and some of Hazlitt’s
least unhappy associations were connected with his intercourse with
Knowles, who, having always felt an almost reverential admiration
for Hazlitt’s talents and writings, was accustomed to express
what he felt in no stinted terms. They seldom met—Knowles living in
Scotland up to the period of Hazlitt’s death. But when the
latter visited London they were a good deal together; and when Hazlitt
was in Scotland, Knowles accompanied him in a short visit to the
Highlands, and was his factotum in all matters and arrangements connected with a course of
lectures Hazlitt delivered on Poetry, in Glasgow and elsewhere.
It was at Hazlitt’s lodgings
that I first met this distinguished dramatist and excellent man; and the commencement of
our
acquaintance involved so characteristic a feature of Knowles’s mind, that I may be excused for referring
to it more particularly. On my looking in at Hazlitt’s on the
evening in question, he told me that Knowles was in town, and was
coming to spend the evening with him; and he begged me to stay. From what
Hazlitt had often said to me of Knowles, I
had a great wish to see him; but it so happened that I had, not long before, written in
Blackwood’s Magazine a detailed
criticism on “Virginius,”
which I now feel to have been much too severe in its unfavourable parts, and of which (as I
learned from Hazlitt) Knowles believed me to be
the writer. I therefore reminded Hazlitt of this fact, and prepared to
take my departure at once—being as little disposed, on my own account as on
Knowles’s, to stand the brunt of a meeting which I believed
Hazlitt to have proposed in forgetfulness of the above
circumstance.
But Hazlitt would not hear of my
going, and agreed to take the consequences of the meeting upon himself. Accordingly I
stayed, and presently Knowles came. Almost im-
mediately after mentioning my name, Hazlitt
alluded to the criticism in question; and I can never forget the frank, cordial, and manly
manner in which Knowles treated the thing; for he took it up at once,
as a stumbling-block necessary to be moved out of the way before we could make any approach
to that hearty communion and good-fellowship which became the company in which we met.
There was not a word of that cant of common-place authorship which pretends to bow to the
justice of severe criticism, and to deprecate that which is otherwise. On the contrary, he
told me frankly, and at once, that until Hazlitt had told him who the
article was written by, he had always looked upon it as the effusion of some personal
enemy, who wished and sought to do him all the harm they could in his new career of
authorship; but that since Hazlitt had assured him that such was
anything but the case, he had taken a totally different view of the remarks—that he now
believed most of the censure to be just, and did not feel anything like anger or resentment
on the subject.
The cordial and hearty terms and tone in
which this
feeling and belief were expressed made it impossible to doubt their sincerity, or to
withhold one’s esteem for the frank good-nature from which they sprang. Nor has a
cordial acquaintance and intimacy, subsisting up to the present time, tended in any degree
to change this impression; while the subsequent writings of this distinguished man have
convinced me that my first impressions of his talents as a dramatic writer did him manifest
injustice in some particulars, and fell far short of his merits in others.
There was no one in whose welfare and success as a writer Hazlitt seemed to feel more personal interest than in
those of Sheridan Knowles; and this interest was
heightened, rather than repressed, by an impression he entertained, that there was a
singular absence in Knowles of that mental and moral correspondence
between the writer and his productions which we are so apt to expect, and so disappointed
and perplexed at not finding. I never knew Hazlitt wholly at fault as
to the intellectual qualities of any man, or unable to assign some reasonable or
plausible explanation of the results of those qualities, except in
the case of Sheridan Knowles. He says, in his “Spirit of the Age:”—“We
should not feel that we had discharged our obligations to truth and friendship if we
were to let this volume go without introducing into it the name of the author of
‘Virginius.’ This
is the more proper, inasmuch as he is a character by himself, and the only poet now
living that is a mere poet. If we were asked what sort of a man
Mr. Knowles is, we could only say, he is the writer of
‘Virginius.’ His most intimate friends see
nothing in him by which they could trace the work to the author.”
I know of nothing more unlike Hazlitt’s usual sagacity and penetration than this unmeaning and, at
the same time, contradictory award. Knowles, he
says, is “a mere poet;” by which it is impossible to guess what he
means. Then he is, essentially and by way of distinction, “the sort of
man” that you would describe as “the writer of ‘Virginius.’” And, finally,
“his most intimate friends” cannot discover any correspondence
between the author so designated and the work from
which the
designation is derived! What follows, too, though more just, is not much more specific or
discriminative. “Virginius,” says
Hazlitt, is “the best acting tragedy that has been
produced on the modern stage;” and “Mr. Knowles
is the first tragic writer of the age;” but “in other respects he is
a common man.”
What is the explanation of all this contradiction? For if we can find one,
it will unquestionably involve a characteristic feature in the extraordinary mind that it
is the chief business of these pages to illustrate. That explanation, as it seems to me, is
to be found in the following words, which conclude Hazlitt’s hasty glance at the author of “Virginius:”—“We
have known him almost from a child, and we must say he appears to us the same
boy-poet that he ever was.”
Now, Sheridan Knowles is not many
years younger than Hazlitt would have been were he
alive now—perhaps six or seven; consequently, the very earliest of the associations of
Hazlitt’s opening intellect were connected with the idea of
“the boy-poet;” and he neither would nor could consent to dissipate
those early associations, a single train of which was worth the
whole sum and substance of his after-life. For Knowles’s benefit
and pleasure Hazlitt would have had the world regard him as another
Shakspeare, if it pleased. But for him
(Hazlitt) Knowles could never be anything
higher or better than the frank and warm-hearted friend and companion of those few opening
years of his life which he could alone recall with any feelings of satisfaction.
William Hazlitt (1778-1830)
English essayist and literary critic; author of
Characters of
Shakespeare's Plays (1817),
Lectures on the English Poets
(1818), and
The Spirit of the Age (1825).
James Sheridan Knowles (1784-1862)
Irish-born playwright, author of
Virginius (1820),
Caius Gracchus (1823),
William Tell (1825)
and
The Hunchback (1832).
John Milton (1608-1674)
English poet and controversialist; author of
Comus (1634),
Lycidas (1638),
Areopagitica (1644),
Paradise Lost (1667), and other works.
Alexander Pope (1688-1744)
English poet and satirist; author of
The Rape of the Lock (1714)
and
The Dunciad (1728).
Bryan Waller Procter [Barry Cornwall] (1787-1874)
English poet; a contemporary of Byron at Harrow, and friend of Leigh Hunt and Charles
Lamb. He was the author of several volumes of poem and
Mirandola, a
tragedy (1821).
Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine. (1817-1980). Begun as the
Edinburgh Monthly Magazine,
Blackwood's assumed the name of its proprietor, William Blackwood after the sixth
number. Blackwood was the nominal editor until 1834.