Smiles: Memoir of John Murray

I shall do more than you ask. I shall give you a biographical sketch—sketch, do you hear?—of Lady Hervey, and notes on her letters, in which I shall endeavour to enliven a little the sameness of my author. Don’t think that I say sameness in derogation of dear Mary Lepel’s powers of entertainment. I have been in love with her a long time; which, as she was dead twenty years before I was born, I may without indiscretion avow; but all these letters being written in a journal style and to one person, there is a want of that variety which Lady Hervey’s mind was capable of giving. I have applied to her family for a little assistance; hitherto without success; and I think, as a lover of Lady Hervey’s, I might reasonably resent the little enthusiasm I find that her descendants felt about her. In order to enable me to do this little job for you, I wish you would procure for me a file, if such a thing exists, of any newspaper from about 1740 to 1758, at which latter date the Annual Register begins, as I remember. So many little circumstances are mentioned in letters and forgotten in history, that without some such guide, I shall make but blind work of it. If it be necessary, I will go to the Museum and grab them, as my betters have done before me. My dear little Nony* was worse last night, and not better all to-day; but this evening they make me happy by saying that she is decidedly improved.

Send me ‘Walpoliana.’ I have lost or mislaid mine. Are there any memoirs about the date of 1743, or later, beside Bubb’s?

I have done ‘Lady Hervey.’ I hear that there is a Mr. Vincent in the Treasury, the son of a Mr. and Mrs. Vincent, to whom the late General Hervey, the favourite son of Lady Hervey, left his fortune and his papers. Could you find out who they are? Nothing is more surprising than the ignorance in which I find all Lady Hervey’s descendants about her. Most of them never heard her maiden name. It reminds one of Walpole writing to George Montagu, to tell him who his grandmother was! I am anxious to knock off this task whilst what little I know of it is fresh in my recollection; for I foresee that much of the entertainment of the work must depend on the elucidations in the Notes.

Another letter from Croker on the same subject is interesting for its allusion to two works with which his name was, in after years, to be so intimately associated.

I wrote a letter to you last week which by some accident Lord Lauderdale, who had taken charge of it, has mislaid. The object of it was to request you to call here some morning, and to let me know the hour by a line by twopenny post. I am authorized to dispose of two historical works, the one a short but admirably written and interesting memoir of the late Lord Waldegrave, who was a favourite of George II., and governor of George III. when Prince of Wales. The second consists of three close-written volumes of ‘Memoirs by Horace Walpole’ (afterwards Lord Orford), which comprise the last nine years of George II.’s reign. I am anxious to give you the refusal of them, as I hear you have already expressed a wish to publish anything of this kind written by Horace Walpole, and had indirectly conveyed that wish to Lord Waldegrave, to whom these and many other MSS. of that lively and laborious writer belong. Lord Lauderdale has offered to assist me in adjusting the terms of the agreement, and perhaps you will arrange with him; he lives at Warren’s Hotel, Waterloo Place, where you can make it convenient to meet him. I would meet you there, or call at your house; but before you can make any specific offer, you will no doubt like to look at the MSS., which are here, and which (not being mine) I do not like to expose unnecessarily to the risk even of a removal to London and back again.

It would appear that Mr. Murray called upon Lord Holland and looked over the MSS., but made no proposal to purchase the papers. The matter lay over until Lord Holland again addressed Mr. Murray.

It appears that you are either not aware of the interesting nature of the MSS. which I shewed you, or that the indifference produced by the present frenzy about the Queen’s business* to all literary publications, has discouraged you from an undertaking in which you would otherwise engage most willingly. However, to come to the point. I have consulted Lord Waldegrave on the subject, and we agree that the two works, viz., his grandfather, Lord Waldegrave’s ‘Memoirs,’ and Horace Walpole’s ‘Memoirs of the Last Nine Years of George II.,’ should not be sold for less than 3000 guineas. If that sum would meet your ideas, or if you have any other offer to make, I will thank you to let me know before the second of next month. I am likely to be in the country for the next ten days, and I have not hitherto mentioned the subject of these MSS. to any publisher or bookseller, as both Lord Waldegrave and myself were anxious to give you the refusal. It will, however, for obvious reasons, be inconvenient to me and disadvantageous to Lord Waldegrave not to terminate the negociations soon. You will, therefore, excuse my pressing you for an answer in time enough to enable us (in case of your refusal) to enter into an arrangement with others for publishing the works next spring.

Allow me to thank you for your note and enclosure. The latter, which I return [a letter of Lord Byron’s], is full of wit and fancy, of satire and gaiety. Perhaps I enjoy it more than those whose reverence for the late King’s public character is greater than my own, and who will be shocked at his political delinquencies being made the vehicle for ridiculing an injudicious panegyrist [Southey’s ‘Vision of Judgment’]. Your letter is very obliging. The time I have devoted to Walpole’s work has been very amusing, and in some measure instructive to me, and I should feel very happy if I could believe my labours in any degree contributed to the success of the publication. I wrote a long letter to you yesterday on the subject of the MSS. of both Memoirs, Waldegrave’s and Walpole’s. As, however, the purport of it was to communicate to you Lord Waldegrave’s wishes and intentions, of which I am sure you will approve, I enclosed it for his perusal before I sent it to you, and he has not hitherto returned it.

As you told me that you are desirous of publishing the Suffolk volume by November, and as I have, all my life, had an aversion to making any one wait for me, I am anxious to begin my work upon them, and, if we are to be out by November, I presume it is high time. I must beg of you to answer me the following questions.

Decide, however, on your own view of your interests, only recollect that these papers are not to cost you more than ‘Belshazzar,’* which I take to be of about the intrinsic value of the writings on the walls, and not a third of what you have given Mr. Crayon for his portrait of Squire Bracebridge. 2nd. Do you intend to have any portraits? One of Lady Suffolk is almost indispensable, and would be enough. There are two of her at Strawberry Hill; one, I think, a print, and neither, if I forget not, very good. There is also a print, an unassuming one, in Walpole’s works, but a good artist would make something out of any of these, if even we can get nothing better to make our copy from. If you were to increase your number of

* Mr. Milman’s poem, for which Mr. Murray paid 500 guineas. See pp. 105-6.

CROKER EDITS THE SUFFOLK PAPERS.

portraits, I would add the Duchess of Queensberry, from a picture at Dalkeith which is alluded to in the letters; Lady Hervey and her beautiful friend, Mary Bellenden. They are in Walpole’s works; Lady Hervey rather mawkish, but the Bellenden charming. I dare say these plates could now be bought cheap, and retouched from the originals, which would make them better than ever they were. Lady Vere (sister of Lady Temple, which latter is engraved in Park’s edition of the ‘Noble Authors’) was a lively writer, and is much distinguished in this correspondence. Of the men, I should propose Lord Peterborough, whose portraits are little known; Lord Liverpool has one of him, not, however, very characteristic. Mr. Pulteney is also little known, but he has been lately re-published in the Kit-cat Club. Of our Horace there is not a decent engraving anywhere. I presume that there must be a good original of him somewhere. Whatever you mean to do on this point, you should come to an early determination and put the works in hand.

3rd. I mean, if you approve, to prefix a biographical sketch of Mrs. Howard and two or three of those beautiful characters with which, in prose and verse, the greatest wits of the last century honoured her and themselves. To the first letter of each remarkable correspondent I would also affix a slight notice, and I would add, at the foot of the page, notes in the style of those on Lady Hervey. Let me know whether this plan suits your fancy.

4th. All the letters of Swift, except one or two, in this collection are printed (though not always accurately) in Scott’s edition of his works. Yet I think it would be proper to reprint them from the originals, because they elucidate much of Lady Suffolk’s history, and her correspondence could not be said to be complete without them. Let me know your wishes on this point.

Mr. Croker also consented to edit the letters of Mrs. Delany to Mr. Hamilton, 1779-88, containing many anecdotes relating to the Royal Family.

“I have shown Mrs. Delany’s MS. letters to the Prince Regent; he was much entertained with this revival of old times in his recollection, and he says that every word of it is true. You know that H.R.H. has a wonderful memory, and particularly for things of that kind. His certificate of Mrs. Delany’s veracity will therefore be probably of some weight with you. As to the letter-writing powers of Mrs. Delany, the specimen inclines me to doubt. Her style seems stiff and formal, and though these two letters, which describe a peculiar kind of scene, have a good deal of interest in them, I do not hope for the same amusement from the rest of the collection. Poverty, obscurity, general ill-health, and blindness are but unpromising qualifications for making an agreeable volume of letters. If a shopkeeper at Portsmouth were to write his life, the extracts of what relates to the two days of the Imperial and Royal visit of 1814 would be amusing, though all the rest of the half century of his life would be intolerably tedious. I therefore counsel you not to buy the pig in Miss Hamilton’s bag (though she is a most respectable lady), but ask to see the whole collection before you bid.”

In May 1820 Mr. Murray requested Mr. Croker to edit Horace Walpole’s ‘Reminiscences.’ Mr. Croker replied, saying: “I should certainly like the task very well if I felt a little better satisfied of my ability to perform it. Something towards such a work I would certainly contribute, for I have always loved that kind of tea-table history.” Not being able to undertake the work himself, Mr. Croker recommended Mr. Murray to apply to Miss Berry, the

TOMLINE’S LIFE OF PITT.

editor of Lady Russell’s letters. “The Life,” he said, “by which those letters were preceded, is a beautiful piece of biography, and shows, besides higher qualities, much of that taste which a commentator on the ‘Reminiscences’ ought to have.” The work was accordingly placed in the hands of Miss Berry, who edited it satisfactorily, and it was published by Mr. Murray in the course of the following year.

Dr. Tomline, while Bishop of Winchester, entered into a correspondence with Mr. Murray respecting the ‘Life of William Pitt.’ In December 1820, Dr. Tomline said he had brought the Memoirs down to the Declaration of War by France against Great Britain on the 1st of February, 1793, and that the whole would make two volumes quarto. Until he became Bishop of Lincoln, Dr. Tomline had been Pitt’s secretary, and from the opportunities he had possessed, there was promise here of a great work; but it was not well executed, and though a continuation was promised, it never appeared. When the work was sent to Mr. Gifford, he wrote to Mr. Murray that it was not at all what he expected, for it contained nothing of Pitt’s private history. “He seems to be uneasy until he gets back to his Parliamentary papers. Yet it can hardly fail to be pretty widely interesting; but I would not have you make yourself too uneasy about these things. Pitt’s name, and the Bishop’s, will make the work sell.” Gifford was right. The ‘Life’ went to a fourth edition in the following year.

Belzoni, after performing this task, made further investigations among the Egyptian tombs and temples. He was the first to open the great temple of Ipsambul, cut in the side of a mountain, and at that time shut in by an accumulation of sand. Encouraged by these successes, he, in 1817, made a second journey to Upper Egypt and Nubia, and brought to light at Carnac several colossal heads of granite, now in the British Museum. After some further explorations among the tombs and temples, for which he was liberally paid by Mr. Salt, Belzoni returned to England with numerous drawings, casts, and many important works of Egyptian art. He called upon Mr. Murray, with the view of publishing the results of his investigations, which in due course were issued under the title of ‘Narrative of the Operations and recent Discoveries within the Pyramids, Temples, Tombs, and Excavations in Egypt and Nubia.’

Belzoni was a very interesting character, and a man of great natural refinement. After the publication of his work, he became one of the fashionable lions of London, but was very sensitive about his early career, and very sedulous to sink the posture-master in the traveller. He was often present at Mr. Murray’s receptions; and on one particular occasion he was invited to join the family circle in Albemarle Street on the last evening of 1822, to see the Old Year out and the New Year in. All Mr. Murray’s young people were present, as well as the entire D’Israeli family and Crofton Croker. After a merry game of Pope Joan, Mr. Murray presented each of the company with a pocket-book as a New Year’s gift. A special bowl of punch was brewed for the occasion, and, while it was being prepared, Mr. Isaac D’Israeli took up Crofton Croker’s pocket-book, and with his pencil wrote the following impromptu words:—

“Gigantic Belzoni at Pope Joan and tea,

What a group of mere puppets we seem beside thee;

Which, our kind host perceiving, with infinite zest,

Gives us Punch at our supper, to keep up the jest.”

The lines were pronounced to be excellent, and Belzoni, wishing to share in the enjoyment, desired to see the words. He read the last line twice over, and then, his eyes flashing fire, he exclaimed, “I am betrayed!” and suddenly left the room. Crofton Croker called upon Belzoni to ascertain the reason of his abrupt departure from Mr. Murray’s, and was informed that he considered the lines to be an insulting allusion to his early career as a showman. Croker assured him that neither Murray nor D’Israeli knew anything of his former life; finally he prevailed upon Belzoni to accompany him to Mr. Murray’s, who for the first time learnt that the celebrated Egyptian explorer had many years before been an itinerant exhibitor in England.

In 1823 Belzoni set out for Morocco, intending to penetrate thence to Eastern Africa; he wrote to Mr. Murray from Gibraltar, thanking him for many acts of kindness, and again from Tangier.

Belzoni would appear to have changed his intention, and endeavoured to penetrate to Timbuctoo from Benin, where, however, he was attacked by dysentery, and died a short time after the above letter was written.

Captain Parry, on returning from his first voyage to the Polar Regions, prepared a narrative of his expedition, and called upon Mr. Murray with respect to its publication. On the 7th November, 1820, he wrote to Mr. Murray accepting his offer of one thousand guineas for the work; the engravings to be done at the publisher’s expense. Some official delays, however, interfered with the due delivery of the MS., and Murray found himself, as in the case of Mungo Park’s Journal, and Tuckey’s Narrative, anticipated by another work on the same subject. After waiting for more than six months, he was under the necessity of addressing the following letter to Mr. Croker, Secretary to the Lords of the Admiralty:—

I beg leave most respectfully to state, for the information of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, that I have paid to Captain W. E. Parry the sum of One Thousand

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Guineas for the entire copyright of his ‘Journal of the late Voyage for the Discovery of a North-West Passage,’ and also for the exclusive right of first publication on that subject, which I was assured their Lordships had vested in me and would secure to Captain Parry. That I have further been at a considerable additional expense in procuring the necessary and suitable charts, maps, and other engravings, and in printing the Work with a view in all respects to render its appearance not unworthy of their Lordships’ “Authority,” with which the imprint has been officially honoured; and that I have used every means in my power to effect the speedy publication of this Work. I beg you, Sir, further to state to their Lordships that I now find, with astonishment and mortification, that all my expense and labour will terminate most probably in loss and disappointment, in consequence of the unexpected and, as I conceive, illegal publication of another account of the same Voyage, by Mr. Alexander Fisher, who accompanied the expedition in quality of Surgeon on board H.M.S. Griper. I therefore throw myself on the protection of their Lordships, and solicit such remedy as the case may appear to require, and their Lordships may be disposed in their wisdom to grant me.

Mr. Murray had also reason to complain that he had not been furnished with an account of the botanical specimens found by Captain Parry during his voyage; and that, if published without them, the work would be imperfect. Mr. Barrow informed Mr. Murray that the list and description had been prepared by Mr. Brown.

“I feel, as Captain Sabine and every officer employed on the voyage must feel, that yourself, and above all, the Public, at whose expense the voyage was performed, have reason to complain of the shameful delay and apparent neglect that have taken place, and which certainly call for public explanation. If Captain Parry had left with me the proper authority, I would have taken care no such delay nor neglect should have happened; but you

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agreed with him and paid him for a complete work. I consider that you are authorized to demand from Mr. Brown what, by his own admission, he undertook to perform; and in failure of compliance, to desire him to return to you immediately the specimens of plants, which you may easily get described by some other botanist in the course of a week.”

In May 1820, Mr. W. C. Macready offered to Mr. Murray, Sheridan Knowles’ tragedy of ‘Virginius,’ then about to be performed at Covent Garden. Mr. B. W. Procter (Barry Cornwall) supported Mr. Macready’s application, and said that ‘Virginius’ “is the most spirited and dramatic tragedy of late years, and certainly more free from fustian and commonplace than any that has been written for the London boards within my memory.” But Mr. Murray was now less disposed to publish dramas than he had been at the commencement of his career, when he offered to publish Colman’s work, and at a later date, when he had published Maturin’s ‘Bertram,’ and Sheil’s ‘Apostate’ and ‘Evadne.’ He had now much more important works to engross his attention, and he therefore declined the proposal.

After Lord Byron, the principal dramatic writer, whose works were published by Mr. Murray, was the Rev. H. H. Milman, afterwards Dean of St. Paul’s. He had attained much distinction at Oxford, had won the Newdigate prize in 1812, the Chancellor’s prize in 1813, and the prize for English and Latin essays in 1816, besides being elected a Fellow of Brasenose College in 1815. His tragedy of ‘Fazio,’ which he wrote while at Oxford, was published by Mr. Murray soon after he had taken his first degree, and

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was subsequently produced on the stage, the heroine being splendidly acted first by Miss O’Neil, and afterwards by Miss Fanny Kemble. ‘Fazio’ was followed, in 1818, by an epic poem in twelve books, ‘Samor, Lord of the Bright City.’ It was commenced while Milman was an Eton boy, but was not finished and published until after the success of ‘Fazio.’ He had been appointed Vicar of St. Mary’s, Reading; and it was there that he composed his next great work ‘The Fall of Jerusalem: a Sacred Tragedy,’ which was sent to Mr. Murray, accompanied by the following letter:—

Mr. Murray, as usual, consulted Mr. Gifford, whose opinion was most favourable. “I have been more and more struck,” he said, “with the innumerable beauties in Milman’s ‘Fall of Jerusalem.’” This judgment was communicated to the author, who replied:—

“I am totally at a loss to fix one. I think I might decide whether an offer were exceedingly high or exceedingly low, whether a Byron or Scott price, or such as is given to the first essay of a new author. Though the ‘Fall of Jerusalem’ might demand an Israelitish bargain, yet I shall not be a Jew further than my poetry. Make a liberal offer, such as the prospect will warrant, and I will at once reply, but I am neither able nor inclined to name a price . . . As I am at present not very far advanced in life, I may hereafter have further dealings with the Press, and, of course, where I meet with liberality shall hope to make a return in the same way. It has been rather a favourite scheme of mine, though this drama cannot appear on the boards, to show it before it is published to my friend Mrs. Siddons, who perhaps might like to read it, either at home or abroad. I have not even hinted at such a thing to her, so that this is mere uncertainty, and, before it is printed, it would be in vain to think of it, as the old lady’s eyes and MS. could never agree together.

Mr. Murray offered Mr. Milman five hundred guineas for the copyright, to which the author replied: “Your offer appears to me very fair, and I shall have no scruple in acceding to it.”

The ‘Fall of Jerusalem,’ brought out at the end of 1820, with illustrations after the designs of Mr. R. Westall, quickly caught the public attention, and was crowned by general applause.

Mr. Milman continued his poetic career, and soon announced to Mr. Murray the completion of a dramatic poem on the ‘Martyrdom of St. Margaret,’ afterwards denominated ‘The Martyr of Antioch.’

The poem was accepted, printed, and published at the beginning of 1822, in the course of which year the poem of ‘Belshazzar’ was also published. Neither of these dramas was so well received as ‘The Fall of Jerusalem.’ In sending the MS. of ‘Belshazzar’ to Mr. Murray, the author said, “I give you fair warning that all the friends who have hitherto seen it, assure me that I shall not do myself justice unless I demand a very high price for it.” Mr. Murray made an offer for the work, which Mr. Milman did not consider sufficient. He replied (March 15, 1822), “If it had been double I should have hesitated; as it is, I have no scruple in stating that I cannot accede to it.” He added that he was opposed to any other plans than the sale of the copyright. This drew from Mr. Murray the following letter:—

The truth is that Mr. Murray paid what would now be considered a rather excessive price for Mr. Milman’s works. For ‘Fazio,’ which was published in 1818, he paid 150 guineas; for the ‘Fall of Jerusalem,’ published in 1820, he paid 500 guineas; for the ‘Martyr of Antioch,’ published in 1821, and for ‘Belshazzar,’ published in 1822, he paid 500 guineas each. But, as these were indifferently received, he was unwilling to give so large a price for his next work, ‘Anne Boleyn,’ for which Mr. Milman received 100 guineas for the first edition and 50 guineas for the second. When Mr. Milman afterwards sent Mr. Murray the revised poem of ‘Samor,’ he said, “As to the copyright of ‘Samor,’ whatever you think it worth I shall be glad to receive.” Nothing appears to have been paid for it, nor did it even pay its expenses.

“If Lord Byron had written about Venice while I was there he would not have talked of the ‘Bridge of Sighs,’ but of the ‘Bridge of Stinks’. . . It really is lamentable to see your friend Lord Byron do everything which people who hate, fear, and envy him, would have especially wished him to do. One would have hoped that poor Shelley’s fate would have had one good effect—the producing a little serious sober thought.”

In 1820 we find the first mention of a name afterwards to become as celebrated as any of those with which Mr. Murray was associated. Owing to the warm friendship which existed between the Murrays and the D’Israelis, the younger members of both families were constantly brought together on the most intimate terms. Mr. Murray was among the first to mark the abilities of the boy, Benjamin Disraeli, and, as would appear from the subjoined letter, his confidence in his abilities was so firm that he consulted him as to the merits of a MS. when he had scarcely reached his eighteenth year.

I ran my eye over three acts of ‘Wallace,’* and, as far as I could form an opinion, I cannot conceive these acts to be as effective on the stage as you seemed to expect. However, it is impossible to say what a very clever actor like Macready may make of some of the passages. Notwithstanding the many erasures the diction is still diffuse, and sometimes languishing, though not inelegant. I cannot imagine it a powerful work as far as I have read. But, indeed, running over a part of a thing with people talking around is too unfair. I shall be anxious to hear how it succeeds. Many thanks, dear sir, for lending it to me. Your note arrives. If on so slight a knowledge of the play I could venture to erase either of the words you set before me, I fear it would be Yes, but I feel cruel and wicked in saying so. I hope you got your dinner in comfort when you got rid of me and that gentle pyramid [Belzoni].

Mr. Southey was an indefatigable and elaborate correspondent, and, as his letters have already been published, it is not necessary to quote them. But a few extracts maybe given from those written to Mr. Murray in 1820, which do not seem yet to have been given to the world. He rarely wrote to Mr. Gifford, who cut down his articles, and, as Southey insisted, generally emasculated them by omitting the best portions.

“February 19, 1820.—You have sent me a duplicate of Chabouton de Fleury and of Burckhardt, which I will return, cum multis aliis. Burckhardt is an excellent traveller in every respect. Oliver Cromwell’s book is one of the very worst that was ever made by a dull man, and will hardly be of the slightest use in drawing up a life of Old Oliver. It will serve, however, for text. The French life I have not yet examined further than to see that some pains have been taken with it, and that even painstaking Frenchmen are wretchedly acquainted with our bibliography. The author conceives De Foe’s ‘Memoirs of a Cavalier’ to be authentic history, and knows nothing of what Noble has done. . . . The reign of George III. is a

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wide subject, and I must talk seriously with you concerning it. Such a work, in its present design, as Voltaire’s ‘Life of Louis XIV.,’ upon a larger scale in proportion to the greater extent of the subject, is what I have long thought of. A comprehensive and philosophical view of all the revolutions which have occurred during those eventful sixty years, with no more detail than is required for effect, for a detailed history would be a tremendous undertaking, almost beyond any man’s strength. But I am sure that a most popular work upon my plan might be produced within the compass of four volumes, or perhaps of three; a book which everybody would read, and which would keep its place.”

“April 5, 1820.—Before I leave home I shall send you the paper on the Churches, and I shall bring up Huntington, the Sinner Saved, to finish at Streatham. This fellow’s life and writings will form a very amusing and uncommon article. Cromwell is next on the list, and this, with a life of Camoens, and more forthcoming ‘Travels in Brazil,’ will make up a year’s work for the Review, unless the state of affairs in Spain should make you desirous of a paper on that subject. I have that ‘History of the Inquisition’ here of which you formerly sent me the Spanish manuscript; this might furnish an important paper, where the prospects of Spain (very dismal ones, I fear) might be brought in at the conclusion. I had nearly forgotten to mention ‘Antar,’ for which I have been reading widely concerning Arabic and other points connected with it. That poem of Mrs. Hemans upon the king is very beautiful. . . . My ‘Life of Wesley,’ I hear, has been noticed in the Literary Gazette before it is published. I suppose it will be ready next week. It will not please any particular set of men, and will violently offend all the bitter part of the Dissenters, who are the larger part. Attacks, no doubt, will be made upon me from all quarters, and of course I shall reply to none.”

“July 10, 1820.—Thank you for the draft. I am now preparing for you with all proper dispatch both the ‘Peninsular War’ and the ‘Book of the Church,’ and you will have the commencement of the first very shortly, and that of the second soon after it, for I am now as seriously at work as the summer interruptions of this place will admit. An hour or two before I left London, I found a card from

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Sir George Dallas expressing a wish on the part of Mrs. Hastings to see me the next day at twelve. . . . From our connection with Sir George Dallas, it appears to me that the proper plan will be to publish a selection from Warren Hastings’s papers and correspondence, accompanying it with his life. That life requires a compendious view of our Indian history down to the time of his administration, and in its progress it embraces the preservation of our Indian empire and the establishment of the existing system. Something must be interwoven concerning the history of the native powers, Mahomedan, Moor, Mahratta, &c., and their institutions. I see how all this is to be introduced, and see also that no subject can afford materials more important or more various. And what a pleasure it will be to read the triumph of such a man as Hastings over the tremendous combination of his persecutors at home! I had a noble catastrophe in writing the life of Nelson, but the latter days of Hastings afford a scene more touching, and perhaps more sublime, because it is more uncommon. Let me have the works of Orme and Bruce and Mill, and I will set apart a portion of every day to the cause of reading, and begin my notes accordingly.”

It will be observed from these extracts from Southey’s letters in one year, 1820, how entirely occupied he was with literary work. He went from subject to subject, planning many works which he had not the time or opportunity to elaborate—constantly reading, writing, and storing up knowledge. He could not accept Murray’s handsome offer of £500 per volume for six volumes of his ‘Biographies,’ expanded from the Quarterly, as his ‘Life of Nelson’ had been, because he was too much occupied in writing for daily bread. When reviewing Hayley’s Life, he wrote to his friend Bedford, “I am reviewing ‘Hayley’ to pay my midsummer bills.” When the ‘Book of the Church’ was finished, Murray offered 700 guineas for it, but Southey preferred to take his chance of half profits, believing it would become a valuable property. It would have been better for himself had he taken the cash down.

Mr. Croker, when leaving London for Paris in company with Mrs. Croker, on the 24th of July, 1820, writes to Mr. Murray:—“The Guardian will apply to you for some of the weekly advances which we promised, and which you are to make on our joint account; you ought to watch and control their expenditure.”

Besides the pulls upon him on account of the Windsor newspaper, Mr. Murray had numerous applications for advances and loans to poor authors as well as to those who were not authors. The Hon. Augusta Leigh asked for a further loan, as she was “poverty’s self.” Ugo Foscolo requested a loan of £50. Mr. Salamé, author of Lord Exmouth’s ‘Expedition to Algiers,’ also wanted a loan of £250. John Miller, who was “very distressed, and at the last gasp,” wanted pecuniary help; and Charles Marsh had left an article for the Quarterly, for which (though not accepted) he desired to have £15, in addition to what he already had borrowed “as money on manuscripts deposited.”

At the beginning of 1821, Mr. Murray was strongly recommended to publish Mr., afterwards Sir Charles, Eastlake’s ‘Translation of Baron Bartholdy’s Memoirs of the Carbonari.’ Mr. Eastlake had been an art student at Rome, and was recommended by Mr. John Crawford as “a painter of very considerable merit,” and was at the same time introduced by Mr. Murray’s old friend, Mr. R. W. Hay. On Eastlake’s arrival in England, he put himself in communication with Mr. Murray, and sent his translation of ‘Memoires sur les Socie’tes Secretes dans le Midi de l’Italie,’ together with ‘Memoires sur le Brigandage dans le Midi de l’Italie.’ Baron Bartholdy required £1500 for the original and the translation. Mrs. Graham, who had seen Eastlake at Plymouth, and thought the manuscript most interesting, urged Mr. Murray to publish ‘The Carbonari;’ and he eventually acceded to her request.

Now, whether you publish ‘The Carbonari’ or not, I bespeak your acquaintance for the translator, Mr. Eastlake. I want him to see the sort of thing that one only sees in your house, at your morning levies—the traffic of mind and literature, if I may call it so. To a man who has lived most of his grown up life out of England, it is both curious and instructive, and I wish for this advantage for my friend. And in return for what I want you to benefit him, by giving him the entrée to your rooms, I promise you great pleasure in having a gentleman of as much modesty as real accomplishment, and whose taste and talents as an artist must one day place him very high among our native geniuses. You and Mrs. Murray would, I am sure, love him as much as Captain Graham and I do. We met him at Malta on his return from Athens, where he had been with Lord Ruthven’s party. Thence he went to Sicily with Lord Leven. In Rome, we lived in the same house. He was with us at Poli, and last summer at Ascoli with Lady Westmoreland. I have told him that, when he goes to London, he must show you two beautiful pictures he has done for Lord Guilford, views taken in Greece. You will see that his pictures and Lord Byron’s poetry tell the same story of the ‘Land of the Unforgotten Brave.’ I envy you your morning visitors. I am really hungry for a new book. If you are so good as to send me any provision fresh from Murray’s shambles, as Mr. Rose says, address it to me, care of Wm. Eastlake, Esq., Plymouth. Love to Mrs. Murray and children.

Yours very gratefully and truly,

Maria Graham.

P.S.—If Graham has a ship given him at the time, and at the station promised, I shall be obliged to visit London towards the end of March or the beginning of April.

116

MEMOIRS OF JOHN MURRAY

Mrs. Graham (afterwards Lady Callcott) was on very intimate terms with Mr. and Mrs. Murray, and became godmother to one of their daughters. She paid her visit to London in due course, and afterwards set out to accompany her husband in H.M.S. Doris, to the coast of South America, where we shall afterwards find her—an established favourite at the Court of the Emperor and Empress of Brazil.

Lord Byron’s works continued to be in great demand at home, and were soon pounced upon by the pirates in America and France. The Americans were beyond Murray’s reach, but the French were, to a certain extent, in his power. Galignani, the Paris publisher, wrote to Lord Byron, requesting the assignment to him of the right of publishing his poetry in France. Byron replied that his poems belonged to Mr. Murray, and were his “property by purchase, right, and justice,” and referred Galignani to him, “washing his hands of the business altogether.” M. Galignani then applied to Mr. Murray, who sent him the following answer:—

John Murray to M. Galignani.

January 16th, 1821.

Sir,

I have received your letter requesting me to assign to you exclusively the right of printing Lord Byron’s works in France. In answer I shall state what you do not seem to be aware of, that for the copyright of these works you are printing for nothing, I have given the author upwards of £10,000. Lord Byron has sent me the assignment, regularly made, and dated April 20, 1818; and if you will send me £250 I will make it over to you. I have just received a Tragedy by Lord Byron, for the copyright of which I have paid £1050, and also three new cantos of Don Juan, for which I have paid £2100. What can you
DEATH OF MURRAY’S SON. 117
afford to give me for the exclusive right of printing them in France upon condition that you receive them before any other bookseller? Your early reply will oblige

Your obedient Servant,

J. Murray.

M. Galignani then informed Mr. Murray that a pirated edition of Lord Byron’s works had been issued by another publisher, and was being sold for 10 francs; and that, if he would assign him the new Tragedy and the new Cantos of Don Juan, he would pay him £100, and be at the expense of the prosecution of the surreptitious publisher. But nothing was said about the payment of £250 for the issue of Lord Byron’s previous work.

In May 1821 Mr. Murray suffered a serious domestic calamity in the death of his second son William. Many condolences came to him from his intimate friends. Mr. Gifford, in his letter of the 24th, wrote:—

Mr. Gifford to John Murray.

“I say nothing of your recent loss, though I lament it from my heart. You have already reasoned sadly and wisely on the subject. You have still abundant blessings—still all the ingredients of rational happiness. Use them well and hope for the best results. I went this morning to the British Gallery, and am much pleased, though in constant pain. Pray remember me in the kindest manner to Mrs. Murray.”

Mr. Murray also received the kindest sympathy from Mrs. Graham, Mr. Barrow, Dr. Somerville (of Edinburgh), and Mr. Croker. The latter had recently suffered a similar bereavement, losing his only son. Writing to Mr. Murray he said:—

“All my books are at Munster House, whither I have not the courage to go; for the rooms there, that look so empty, are full of my poor boy.”

118

MEMOIRS OF JOHN MURRAY

And now he said to his equally distressed friend:—

“You believe that I can pity you and Mrs. Murray though I have known too well the folly of all condolence to attempt it with you. But, in comparing your loss with my own, I see how incomparably less dreadful your losses, than that which has broken our hearts and blasted our hopes.”

Mr. Murray continued to publish poetry, though not to the same extent as before. “Here I am again! the plague of your life!” wrote Lady Dacre* to him, enclosing a collection of poems for private circulation, and desiring him to send copies to “the dear little Anacreon Moore,” to Mr. Gifford, Madame de Flahaut, Mr. Sotheby, Lady Maryborough, and others.† A few months later, she wrote to her publisher:—

Lady Dacre to John Murray.

November, 1821.

Dear Mr. Murray,

I did not even attempt to see you in my way through town, having found by experience that you are only to be taken as wasps are, by setting fire to your nest at Wimbledon and smoking you out. I could find it in my heart to do it but for the lady love and the baby bees.

In August 1821 Mr., afterwards Sir Charles Bell, entered into a correspondence with Mr. Murray as to the publication of the second edition of his ‘Essay on the Anatomy of Expression in Painting.’ Mr. Bell was not only an able surgeon (having been Professor of Surgery in Edinburgh), but an admirable draughtsman. He went to Waterloo, shortly after the battle, and made a series of
* Formerly Mrs. Wilmot.

† Lady Dacre was afterwards the author of ‘Recollections of a Chaperon’ (1833), and ‘Trevelyan’ (1834).

MR. CHARLES BELL. 119
rapid sketches, in water-colour, of patients in the various hospitals, which are unequalled for vividness and expression. These are now the property of the London Society of Apothecaries. Mr. Bell eventually settled in London, and became highly distinguished for his skill and professional knowledge. The ‘Anatomy of Expression’ was first published in 1806 by the Longmans. Mr. Bell was not dissatisfied with their treatment, but he thought he might obtain some help from Mr. Murray as a friend as well as a publisher. The reasons for his application are best set forth in his own letter:—

Mr. Bell to John Murray.

August 25th, 1821.

An old West India debt of £200 has been unexpectedly demanded of me at this dead season, and this has spurred me to fulfil an intention which I have entertained for three or four years past, a revisal and addition to my work on ‘Expression,’ 4to. I published the first edition with the Longmans, on the plan of dividing profits. They wish to cut it down to an octavo. I wish to improve it, and make it more splendid. You will perceive how I am situated—pride and poverty at issue; no unfrequent situation of my countrymen. I wish to give you the property of this book, prescribing one handsome edition, with two additional essays and some spirited etchings in illustration; after which you might reprint it in what fashion you please, you in the meantime enabling me to meet this demand upon me by bills. The complication of the subject made me say that I wished for the advice of a friend. I must add that there is no misunderstanding betwixt me and the Longmans. I am inclined to believe they would do much to favour me. But I know you can do for me what I wish through this publication; that is, to have a work of some taste and judgment in the Arts before the public, and I would be sorry to sacrifice this object to a trifling present necessity.

I am, dear Sir, yours truly,

Charles Bell.

120

MEMOIRS OF JOHN MURRAY

Mr. Murray undertook the publication of this work, as well as of other works, for his friend Sir Charles Bell.

Among his other correspondents, Mr. Murray had frequent communications with Miss Eleanor Annie Porden, daughter of Mr. Porden, architect, a great friend of Mr. Gifford, afterwards wife of Captain Franklin, the Arctic navigator. The first communication which we have before us was written on the 10th December, 1821, when she informed Mr. Murray that she had completed her revision of ‘Cœur de Lion.’ She also asked about her ‘Arctic Expedition,’ a poem which had appeared in 1818. A previous poem of hers ‘The Veils; or, the Triumph of Constancy,’ issued in 1815, had met with some success. It was the publication of ‘The Arctic Expedition’—suggested by her visit to the Isabella and Alexander, the discovery ships—which led to her making the acquaintance of Captain Franklin, and afterwards to her marriage to him in 1823. Mr. Murray also published the works of Captain (afterwards Sir John) Franklin as well as her own. Captain Franklin’s ‘Narrative of a Journey to the Shores of the Polar Sea,’ 1819-22, appeared in 1823, and Mrs. Franklin’s ‘Cœur de Lion’ in 1824.*

Towards the end of 1821 Mr. Murray received a letter from Messrs. Longman & Company, intimating, in a friendly way, “you will see in a day or two, in the newspapers, an advertisement of Mrs. Rundell’s improved edition of her ‘Cookery Book,’ which she has placed in our hands for
* Mrs. Franklin died in the following year. Captain Franklin had submitted to the Government a plan for an expedition overland to the north-west extremity of America, with the object of surveying the coast between the Mackenzie and Copper Mine Rivers. He set out on the 16th February, 1825, and his wife died six days after he departure. Captain Franklin was absent more than two years, and about a year after his return in September 1827, he married again and afterwards received the honour of knighthood.

RUNDELL’S COOKERY. 121
publication.” Now, the ‘Domestic Cookery,’ as enlarged and improved by Mr. Murray, had been one of his best properties. It had been written out from various receipts collected by Mrs. Rundell, while living at Swansea, in 1806. Previous works of the kind had been chiefly adapted to the requirements of large households or public institutions, but Mr. Murray at once discerned the need for a manual for family use, and suggested the admirable title ‘Domestic Cookery.’ The first edition was very imperfect, and Mr. Murray had taken considerable pains to improve it, sending to Mrs. Rundell several receipt books, from which she made extracts, assisted by her daughters, for the second edition.

Mrs. Rundell to John Murray.

July 4th, 1806.

I am sorry I am so slow with the second edition, and much vexed that ill-health delays it, as several of my young friends are just setting out in household concerns, and wish the book as a companion. I am indeed flattered to find it is deemed useful in its present defective state, and hope it will have more merit when reproduced.

And again:—

September 17th, 1808.

My dear Sir,

Your very handsome and most unexpected present I have just received; I can truly say I never had the smallest idea of any return for what I considered, and which really was, a free gift to one whom I had long regarded as my friend.

If in truth you have found my little work productive so far above your expectations as to render your very obliging enclosure a satisfaction to your own feelings, I will not affront your noble sentiment by returning it—although your persuasion of its being honourable to my poor abilities is really necessary to make me believe I do not err in accepting it.

122

MEMOIRS OF JOHN MURRAY

I beg to return you my best acknowledgments, my dear sir, and to assure you, of what I however hope you do not doubt, that I am your obliged friend and obedient servant,

Maria Eliza Rundell.

The second edition, completed at Ambleside, where Mrs. Rundell was residing with her daughters, was submitted to the inspection and correction of Mr. Nott; and Frances Ann (Mrs. Rundell’s daughter) wrote to Mr. Murray that “we shall feel less terror in presenting it to the world after it has passed through his hands.” The proofs of this edition had, according to Mrs. Rundell, “been miserably prepared for the press.” “Pray employ some proper person to correct it after me, I beg.” In sending in the “copy,” Mrs. Rundell said: “As to receiving remuneration for such trifles, I beg you will not think of it, especially as I do not consider you under any obligation for them, being actuated to the work by a desire, for my own sake, to make the work as good as in my power, from its being generally known to come from my pen.”

The correspondence with Mrs. Rundell ceased, and Mr. Murray took the editing, correction, and improvement of the ‘Domestic Cookery’ into his own hands. He not only had the whole work thoroughly revised by efficient editors,* who added many new receipts and omitted much that was useless or out of date, but introduced numerous engravings, showing the proper method of carving and how dishes ought to be served up. He thus made the work virtually a new one, and, by means of constant advertising, he eventually succeeded in making it a valuable property. He was always on the look-out for new contributors for the ‘Cookery.’ When Moore informed him that
* One of them was Dr. Charles Taylor, of the Society of Arts.

MODERN DOMESTIC COOKERY. 123
Lady Morgan was willing to write something for his Library, he asked, “Isn’t Lady Morgan a good cook?”—“Why?” “Perhaps she would do something in that line.” “Why, you don’t mean,” said Moore, “that she should write a cookery book for you?” “No,” answered Murray, coolly, “but I thought she might re-edit mine.”

When Mr. Murray heard of Mrs. Rundell’s intention to bring out her Cookery Book through the Longmans, he consulted his legal adviser, Mr. Sharon Turner, who recommended that an injunction should at once be taken out to restrain the publication, and retained Mr. Littleday and Mr. Serjeant Copley for Mr. Murray. The injunction was duly granted. Mr. Turner wrote to Mr. Rees, one of the Longmans’ partners, as follows:—

Mr. Sharon Turner to Mr. Rees.

January 1st, 1822.

I am sorry that any difference should arise about the ‘Domestic Cookery.’ But the facts stand thus. The Chancellor has granted an injunction to restrain from writing and publishing any edition of that part of the work which belongs to Mr. Murray, or any part of it under that title, or with their embellishments and arrangements and from making any use whatever of the title and embellishments and arrangements made by Mr. Murray. Now, your announcement, I think, will bring you in the scope of this, for it expressly makes an important use of the title.

He proceeded to say that Mr. Murray had given orders to take immediate steps if the injunction should be infringed, and also that Mr. Murray’s right of publishing continued unrestricted.

Mrs. Rundell gave notice of her intention to move the Lord Chancellor to dissolve the injunction, and Mr.
124 MEMOIRS OF JOHN MURRAY
Longman offered to act as a mediator between Mr. Murray and Mrs. Rundell. To this proposal Mr. Sharon Turner sent the following communication:—

Mr. Sharon Turner to Mr. Longman.

January 15th, 1822.

“I thank you for your letter. But you have not a more full conviction of your right to any of your most certain copyrights than Mr. Murray has of his as to the ‘Domestic Cookery.’ And, as the Chancellor takes the same view of it, the matter must be determined by legal authority.”

The result of the litigation, which lasted for some time, was that Mr. Murray voluntarily agreed to pay to Mrs. Rundell £2000, in full of all claims, and her costs and expenses. The Messrs. Longman were to deliver to Mr. Murray the stereotype plates of her Cookery Book, and they stopped all further advertisements of Mrs. Rundell’s work. Mr. Sharon Turner thus sums up the result of the controversy:—

Mr. Sharon Turner to John Murray.

Dear Murray,

The discussion on the Cookery Book has made but one impression everywhere, and highly to your credit. Even the Literary Gazette, which you do not, I believe, much befriend, showed this feeling. I told Mr. Shadwell what you had authorized me to do if they abandoned all legal proceedings, and he expressed himself strongly on your handsome conduct. Mrs. R., therefore, has only augmented your reputation by her attack, and this is really one of the highest prizes of human life, which few get, or, if they get, can keep. As Home and Shadwell took much pains, I think if you were to send them each a copy of the Cookery Book, and (as a novelty) of ‘Cain,’ it would please them.

Ever yours, sincerely and obliged,

Sh. Turner.

’DOMESTIC COOKERY.’

125

The result was that Mr. Murray continued to hold complete control of the ‘Domestic Cookery,’ and that it long continued to be one of his most popular publications. When Moore heard that £2000 had been given for the copyright, he was astonished. “Gad!” said Luttrell, “one wonders that there should be any bad dinners going.” Moore continues, in his Diary:* “I called at Pickering’s, in Chancery Lane, who showed me the original agreement between Milton and Symonds for the payment of five pounds for ‘Paradise Lost.’ The contrast of this sum with the £2000 given by Mr. Murray for Mrs. Rundell’s ‘Cookery’ comprises a history in itself. Pickering, too, gave forty-five guineas for this agreement, three times as much as the sum given for the poem.”

* ‘Moore: Memoirs, Journal, and Correspondence,’ v. p. 119.

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Warren Hastings (1732-1818) Governor-general of Bengal (1774-84); he was charged high crimes by Edmund Burke, initiating impeachment proceedings that continued from 1787 to 1795, when Hastings was acquitted.

Robert William Hay (1786-1861) After education at Christ Church, Oxford, he was private secretary to Viscount Melville, first lord of the Admiralty (1812) and permanent under-secretary of state for the colonies (1825).

William Hayley (1745-1820) English poet, patron of George Romney, William Cowper, and William Blake. His best-known poem, Triumphs of Temper (1781) was several times reprinted. Robert Southey said of him, “everything about that man is good except his poetry.”

Felicia Dorothea Hemans [née Browne] (1793-1835) English poet; author of Tales, and Historic Scenes (1819), Records of Woman (1828), and other volumes. She was much in demand as a contributor to the literary annuals.

John Hervey, second baron Hervey [Lord Fanny] (1696-1743) Courtier, wit, and friend of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu who was pilloried by Pope and returned the favor. He Memoirs were published in 1848.

Mary Hervey, Lady Hervey [née Lepell] (1700-1768) Maid of honour to the princess of Wales who married the courtier John Hervey, second baron Hervey in 1720.

Hon. William Hervey (1732-1815) The fourth son of Lord John Hervey and Mary Lepell Hervey, educated at Westminster and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge; he was a general in the American wars (1755-63) and MP for Bury (1763-68).

Sir Robert John Wilmot- Horton, third baronet (1784-1841) Byron's cousin; he was MP for Newcastle under Lyme (1818-30), governor of Ceylon (1831-37), and was Augusta Leigh's representative at the destruction of Byron's memoir; he succeeded to his title in 1834.

Horace (65 BC-8 BC) Roman lyric poet; author of Odes, Epistles, Satires, and the Ars Poetica.

Henrietta Howard, countess of Suffolk [née Hobart] (1688 c.-1767) Lady of the bedchamber, mistress of George II, and friend of Pope and Swift; her letters were edited by John Wilson Croker in 1824.

Washington Irving [Geoffrey Crayon] (1783-1859) American writer living in England in 1815, where he made his reputation with The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent (1820).

Robert Banks Jenkinson, second earl of Liverpool (1770-1828) The son of the first earl (d. 1808); he was Tory prime minister, 1812-1827, succeeding Spencer Percival.

Charles Knight (1791-1873) London publisher, originally of Windsor where he produced The Etonian; Dallas's Recollections of Lord Byron was one of his first ventures. He wrote Passages of a Working Life during half a Century, 3 vols (1864-65).

James Sheridan Knowles (1784-1862) Irish-born playwright, author of Virginius (1820), Caius Gracchus (1823), William Tell (1825) and The Hunchback (1832).

Hon. Augusta Mary Leigh [née Byron] (1783-1851) Byron's half-sister; the daughter of Amelia Darcy, Baroness Conyers, she married Lieutenant-Colonel George Leigh on 17 August 1807.

Nicholas Wedig Lepell (1666-1731 c.) Army officer and courtier; he was the father of Mary Lepell, afterwards Lady Hervey.

David Leslie-Melville, tenth earl of Leven (1785-1860) A Scottish peer who served as a naval captain in the Napoleonic Wars before inheriting his title in 1820. He is also referred to as the eighth earl of Leven and Melville.

Thomas Norton Longman (1771-1842) A leading London publisher whose authors included Southey, Wordsworth, Scott, and Moore.

Henry Luttrell (1768-1851) English wit, dandy, and friend of Thomas Moore and Samuel Rogers; he was the author of Advice to Julia, a Letter in Rhyme (1820).

William Charles Macready (1793-1873) English tragic actor and manager, the son of William Macready (1755-1829).

James Maitland, eighth earl of Lauderdale (1759-1839) Scottish peer allied with Charles James Fox; he was author of An Inquiry into the Nature and Origin of Public Wealth, and into the Means and causes of its Increase (1804) and other works on political economy.

Charles Marsh (1774 c.-1835) English barrister who after time as a judge in India was elected to Parliament in 1812; he published political pamphlets and wrote for the New Monthly Magazine.

Charles Robert Maturin (1780-1824) Anglo-Irish clergyman, novelist, and playwright patronized by Walter Scott; author of the tragedy Betram (1816) and the novel Melmoth the Wanderer (1820).

James Mill (1773-1836) English political philosopher allied with the radical Joseph Hume; he was the father of John Stuart Mill.

Henry Hart Milman (1791-1868) Educated at Eton and Brasenose College, Oxford, he was a poet, historian and dean of St Paul's (1849) who wrote for the Quarterly Review.

John Milton (1608-1674) English poet and controversialist; author of Comus (1634), Lycidas (1638), Areopagitica (1644), Paradise Lost (1667), and other works.

Thomas Mitchell (1783-1845) Son of a riding master; after study at Christ's Hospital and Pembroke College, Cambridge; Mitchell worked as a tutor for Thomas Hope, wrote for the Examiner and Quarterly Review, and translated Aristophanes.

George Montagu (1713-1780) M.P. for Northampton (1744); he was a classmate and correspondent of Horace Walpole.

Lady Mary Wortley Montagu [née Pierrepont] (1689-1762) English poet and epistolary writer, daughter of the first duke of Kingston; she quarreled with Alexander Pope and after living in Constantinople (1716-18) introduced inoculation to Britain.

Thomas Moore (1779-1852) Irish poet and biographer, author of the Irish Melodies (1807-34), The Fudge Family in Paris (1818), and Lalla Rookh (1817); he was Byron's close friend and designated biographer.

Charles Mordaunt, third earl of Peterborough (1658 c.-1735) English admiral, general, and diplomat; late in life he was intimate with Pope and Swift.

Sir Thomas More (1478-1535) English statesman and humanist, Catholic martyr; he was the author of Utopia (1516).

Lady Sydney Morgan [née Owenson] (1778 c.-1859) Anglo-Irish novelist and socialite, author of The Wild Irish Girl (1806).

Anne Murray [née Elliot] (1782-1854) The daughter of the Scottish bookseller Charles Elliot; she married the second John Murray in 1807.

John Murray II (1778-1843) The second John Murray began the Quarterly Review in 1809 and published works by Scott, Byron, Austen, Crabbe, and other literary notables.

Mark Noble (1754-1827) He was a clergyman, antiquary, and contributor to the Archaeologia.

Frederick North, fifth earl of Guilford (1766-1827) Son of the prime minister; he was governor of Ceylon (1798-1805) and an enthusiastic philhellene who founded the Ionian University at Corfu. He succeeded to the title in 1817.

Elizabeth O'Neill (1791-1872) Irish-born actress who excelled in parts such as Ellen in the adaptation of Scott's The Lady of the Lake; she retired in 1819 following her marriage to William Wrixon-Becher (1780-1850), Irish MP.

Robert Orme (1728-1801) Associate of Robert Clive and historian of India; author of History of the Military Transactions of the British Nation in Indostan (1763, 1778) and Historical Fragments of the Mogul Empire (1782).

Thomas Park (1759-1834) English poet, antiquary, and editor; in early life he was an acquaintance of William Cowper.

Sir William Edward Parry (1790-1855) Admiral in the Royal Navy and arctic explorer; he was the author of Journal of a Voyage for the Discovery of a north-west Passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific (1821).

Henry Pelham (1694-1754) English statesman sometimes aligned with Sir Robert Walpole; he was prime minister 1743-1754.

William Petty, first marquess of Lansdowne (1737-1805) English statesman and opposition leader in Parliament; he concluded the Treaty of Paris (1783) giving independence to the United States.

Constantine Henry Phipps, first marquess of Normanby (1797-1863) The son of Henry Phipps, first earl of Mulgrave; educated at Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge, he was a Whig MP, governor of Jamaica (1832-34), lord privy seal (1834), lord-lieutenant of Ireland (1835), and ambassador at Paris (1846-52).

William Pickering (1796-1854) London literary publisher who issued the Aldine edition of the English poets (1830) and published the Gentleman's Magazine from 1834.

William Pitt the elder, first earl of Chatham (1708-1778) English statesman whose prudent management was often politically unpopular.

Lady Catherine Long Pole-Tylney-Long-Wellesley [née Tylney-Long] (1789-1825) Daughter of Sir James Tylney-Long, seventh baronet; she inherited estates worth £25,000 a year and £300,000 personally, which her husband, the forth Earl of Mornington, managed to squander.

Alexander Pope (1688-1744) English poet and satirist; author of The Rape of the Lock (1714) and The Dunciad (1728).

William Porden (1755-1822) English architect and father of the poet Eleanor Anne Porden; a student of James Wyatt, he did work for Royal Pavilion at Brighton.

Bryan Waller Procter [Barry Cornwall] (1787-1874) English poet; a contemporary of Byron at Harrow, and friend of Leigh Hunt and Charles Lamb. He was the author of several volumes of poem and Mirandola, a tragedy (1821).

William Pulteney, earl of Bath (1684-1764) Whig MP; with Bolingbroke he was one of the leaders of the “Patriot” opposition to the Walpole administration.

Owen Rees (1770-1837) London bookseller; he was the partner of Thomas Norton Longman and friend of the poet Thomas Moore.

William Stewart Rose (1775-1843) Second son of George Rose, treasurer of the navy (1744-1818); he introduced Byron to Frere's Whistlecraft poems and translated Casti's Animale parlante (1819).

Maria Eliza Rundell [née Ketelby] (1745-1828) Author of A New System of Domestic Cookery (1806), one of John Murray's more successful titles.

James Ruthven, seventh lord Ruthven (1777-1853) Scottish peer who held the rank of major in the 90th Foot.

Sir Edward Sabine (1788-1883) Army officer and naturalist; he sailed with Parry on his polar expedition in 1819-20 and established stations for magnetic observations; FRS (1818), major-general (1856).

Abraham V. Salamé (1826 fl.) Author of A Narrative of the Expedition to Algiers in the Year 1816 (1819); he was an Egyptian acting as interpreter on the expedition.

Henry Salt (1780-1827) Traveller, FRS, and Egyptologist; he published A Voyage to Abyssinia (1814) and other works.

John Scott, first earl of Eldon (1751-1838) Lord chancellor (1801-27); he was legal counsel to the Prince of Wales and an active opponent of the Reform Bill.

Sir Walter Scott, baronet (1771-1832) Scottish poet, novelist, antiquary, biographer, editor, and sheriff.

Sir Lancelot Shadwell (1779-1850) Chancery court barrister and vice-chancellor of England (1827-1850); he was at Eton with Francis Hodgson.

Richard Lalor Sheil (1791-1851) Irish barrister and playwright; author of Adelaide, or the Emigrants (1814), The Apostle (1817), and other tragedies. He was an Irish MP (1830-50).

Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822) English poet, with Byron in Switzerland in 1816; author of Queen Mab (1813), The Revolt of Islam (1817), The Cenci and Prometheus Unbound (1820), and Adonais (1821).

Sarah Siddons [née Kemble] (1755-1831) English tragic actress, sister of John Philip Kemble, famous roles as Desdemona, Lady Macbeth, and Ophelia. She retired from the stage in 1812.

Samuel Simmons (1640-1687) London printer who contracted with John Milton for the publication of Paradise Lost in 1667.

William Somerville (1771-1860) Scottish physician, son of the historian Thomas Somerville and friend of Sir John Barrow and John Murray, husband of the writer Mary Fairfax Somervillle; he was physician to Chelsea Hospital (1819-38).

William Sotheby (1757-1833) English man of letters; after Harrow he joined the dragoons, married well, and published Poems (1790) and became a prolific poet and translator, prominent in literary society.

Robert Southey (1774-1843) Poet laureate and man of letters whose contemporary reputation depended upon his prose works, among them the Life of Nelson, 2 vols (1813), History of the Peninsular War, 3 vols (1823-32) and The Doctor, 7 vols (1834-47).

Philip Dormer Stanhope, fourth earl of Chesterfield (1694-1773) English statesman and patron, lord lieutenant of Ireland (1745-46); he is now remembered for Letters to his Son (1774).

Jonathan Swift (1667-1745) Dean of St Patrick's, Scriblerian satirist, and author of Battle of the Books with Tale of a Tub (1704), Drapier Letters (1724), Gulliver's Travels (1726), and A Modest Proposal (1729).

Charles Taylor (1816 fl.) Manchester physician and secretary of the Society of Arts; he published Remarks on Sea Water as condusive to Health (1805).

William Makepeace Thackeray (1811-1863) English novelist; author of Vanity Fair (1848), Pendennis (1850) and Henry Esmond (1852).

Sir George Pretyman Tomline, bishop of Winchester (1750-1827) Tutor of Pitt the younger; he was dean of St. Paul's and bishop of Lincoln (1787) and bishop of Winchester (1820-27). He adopted the name of Tomline in 1803 in connection with an inheritance.

Sharon Turner (1768-1847) Attorney, historian, and writer for the Quarterly Review; he wrote History of the Anglo-Saxons, 4 vols (1799-1805).

George Villiers, first duke of Buckingham (1592-1628) English courtier and favorite of King James who traveled to Madrid with Prince Charles in pursuit of a spouse (1623).

Voltaire (1694-1778) French historian and man of letters; author of, among many other works, The Age of Louis XIV (1751) and Candide (1759).

James Waldegrave, second earl Waldegrave (1715-1763) Confidant of George II and governor of the young Prince of Wales; author of Memoirs published by Murray in 1821.

John James Waldegrave, sixth earl Waldegrave (1785-1846) The son of the fourth earl; educated at Eton, he was a lieutenant-colonel who served in the Pensinsular War and at Waterloo; in 1815 he married Anne King in Paris. He inherited Horace Walpole's Strawberry Hill from his mother, Lady Elizabeth Waldegrave.

Charles Edward Walker (1829 fl.) He published several plays on historical subjects in the 1820s.

Horace Walpole, fourth earl of Orford (1717-1797) English biographer, letter-writer, and antiquary; son of Sir Robert Walpole; author of The Castle of Otranto (1764).

Richard Westall (1765-1836) English poet and illustrator who favored literary subjects and published a collection of verse, A Day in Spring and other Poems (1808).

William Westall (1781-1850) Topographical painter and engraver; he was the younger brother of the painter Richard Westall and a friend of Robert Southey.

The Annual Register, or, a View of the History, Politics, and Literature. 80 vols (1758-1837). The original publisher was Robert Dodsley, with Edmund Burke the chief contributor.

Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine. (1817-1980). Begun as the Edinburgh Monthly Magazine, Blackwood's assumed the name of its proprietor, William Blackwood after the sixth number. Blackwood was the nominal editor until 1834.

The Guardian. (1819-1825). A weekly Tory paper edited by Charles Knight from 1820-22.

Literary Gazette, and Journal of Belles Lettres, Arts, Sciences, etc. (1817-1862). Edited by William Jerdan to 1850, the Literary Gazette was the most successful of the weekly literary newspapers.

The Quarterly Review. (1809-1967). Published by John Murray, the Quarterly was instigated by Walter Scott as a Tory rival to the Edinburgh Review. It was edited by William Gifford to 1824, and by John Gibson Lockhart from 1826 to 1853.

The Sun. (1792-1876). A Tory evening paper edited by John Heriot (1792-1806), Robert Clark (1806-07), William Jerdan (1813-17). The poets John Taylor and William Frederick Deacon were also associated with The Sun.

Cromwelliana. A Chronological Detail of Events in which Oliver Cromwell was engaged; from the Year 1642 to his death, 1658: with a Continuation of other Transactions to the Restoration. (Westminster: Machell Stace, 1810). Compiled by Machell Stace.

Gazetteer of Scotland: containing a particular Description of the Counties, Parishes, Islands. (Edinburgh: A. Constable and Co., 1806). Second edition.

Sir Charles Bell (1774-1842) Essays on the Anatomy of Expression in Painting. (London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, 1806).

Mary Berry (1763-1852) Some Account of the Life of Rachael Wriothesley Lady Russell. (London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown, 1819). A collection of letters, with a life of Lady Russell, edited by Mary Berry.

James Boswell (1740-1795) The Life of Samuel Johnson. 2 vols (London: 1791). One of the most widely-read books of the romantic era, and a model for Moore's Letters and Journals of Lord Byron (1830) and Lockhart's Life of Scott (1837-38).

Johann Ludwig Burckhardt (1784-1817) Travels in Nubia. (London: 1819). With maps; posthumously published.

George Gordon Byron, sixth Baron Byron (1788-1824) “Cain: a Mystery” in Sardanapalus: a Tragedy. The two Foscari: a Tragedy. Cain: a Mystery. (London: Murray, 1821). A closet drama in three acts that gave considerable offence to the pious.

George Gordon Byron, sixth Baron Byron (1788-1824) Don Juan. (London: 1819-1824). A burlesque poem in ottava rima published in installments: Cantos I and II published in 1819, III, IV and V in 1821, VI, VII, and VIII in 1823, IX, X, and XI in 1823, XII, XIII, and XIV in 1823, and XV and XVI in 1824.

William Coxe (1748-1828) Memoirs of the Life and Administration of Sir Robert Walpole, earl of Orford. With Original Correspondence and Authentic Papers, never before published. 3 vols (London: T. Cadell, jun. and W. Davies, 1798). Coxe also edited the correspondence of Horatio Walpole (1678-1757).

Oliver Cromwell of Cheshunt (1742-1821) Memoirs of the Protector, Oliver Cromwell, and of his Sons, Richard and Henry: illustrated by Original Letters and other Family Papers. (London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1820).

Barbarina Brand, Lady Dacre [née Ogle] (1768-1854) Recollections of a Chaperon. 3 vols (London: Bentley, 1833). A novel; reviewed by Lockhart in the Quarterly.

Daniel Defoe (1660-1731) Memoirs of a Cavalier: or a Military Journal of the Wars in Germany, and the Wars in England. (London: A. Bell, 1720).

Mary Delany [née Granville] (1700-1788) Letters from Mrs Delaney (Widow of Doctor Patrick Delaney) to Mrs Frances Hamilton, from the year 1779, to the year 1788: comprising many unpublished and interesting Anecdotes of their late Majesties and the Royal Family. (London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1821).

Sir Charles Lock Eastlake (1793-1865) Memoirs of the Secret Societies of the South of Italy, particularly the Carbonari. (London: J. Murray, 1821). Translated by Eastlake from the French of an unidentified ”Jakob L. S. Bartholdy“.

Alexander Fisher (d. 1838) A Journal of a Voyage of Discovery to the Arctic Regions: in His Majesty's Ships Hecla and Griper, in the Years 1819 & 1820. (London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1821). There were four English editions and a German translation.

Pierre Alexandre Édouard Fleury de Chaboulon (1779-1835) Memoirs of the Private Life, Return, and Reign of Napoleon in 1815. 2 vols (London: John Murray, 1820). Translated from the French.

Sir John Franklin (1786-1847) Narrative of a Journey to the Shores of the Polar Sea, in the Years 1819, 20, 21, and 22. (London: J. Murray, 1823).

Terrick Hamilton (1781-1876) Antar, a Bedoueen Romance. 4 vols (London: J. Murray, 1820). Translated from the Arabic. Part one only; the second and third parts never appeared.

Walter Hamilton (1774-1828) The East India Gazetteer; containing particular Descriptions of the Empires, Kingdoms, Principalities, Provinces, Cities, Towns, Districts, Fortresses, Harbours, Rivers, Lakes, &c. of Hindostan, and the adjacent Countries, India beyond the Ganges, and the Eastern Archipelago; together with Sketches of the Manners, Customs, Institutions, Agriculture, Commerce, Manufactures, Revenues, Population, Castes, Religion, History, &c. of their various Inhabitants. (London: J. Murray, 1815). Reprinted in 2 vols, 1820.

William Hayley (1745-1820) Memoirs of the Life and Writings of William Hayley, esq. the Friend and Biographer of Cowper. 2 vols (London: H. Colburn and Co., 1823).

Felicia Dorothea Hemans [née Browne] (1793-1835) Stanzas to the Memory of the Late King. (London: J. Murray, 1820).

John Hervey, second baron Hervey [Lord Fanny] (1696-1743) Memoirs of the Reign of George the Second: from his Accession to the Death of Queen Caroline. 2 vols (London: John Murray, 1848). Edited by John Wilson Croker.

Mary Hervey, Lady Hervey [née Lepell] (1700-1768) Letters of Mary Lepel, Lady Hervey. With a Memoir and illustrative Notes. (London: John Murray, 1821). Edited by John Wilson Croker.

Henrietta Howard, countess of Suffolk [née Hobart] (1688 c.-1767) Letters to and from Henrietta, Countess of Suffolk, and her second Husband, the Hon. George Berkeley; from 1712 to 1767. With historical, biographical, and explanatory Notes. 2 vols (London: J. Murray, 1824). Edited by John Wilson Croker.

William Huntington (1745-1813) The Sinner saved; or Memoirs of the Life of the Rev. W. Huntington, the Coal Heaver, late minister of Providence Chapel. (London: Dean & Munday, 1813).

James Sheridan Knowles (1784-1862) Virginius: a Tragedy, in Five Acts. (London: J. Ridgway, 1820).

Charles Robert Maturin (1780-1824) Bertram, or, the Castle of St. Aldobrand: a Tragedy in Five Acts. (London: J. Murray, 1816). A Byronic drama produced with great success by Edmund Kean at Drury Lane.

Henry Hart Milman (1791-1868) Anne Boleyn: a Dramatic Poem. (London: J. Murray, 1826).

Henry Hart Milman (1791-1868) Belshazzar: a Dramatic Poem. (London: J. Murray, 1822).

Henry Hart Milman (1791-1868) The Fall of Jerusalem: a Dramatic Poem. (London: J. Murray, 1820).

Henry Hart Milman (1791-1868) Fazio, a Tragedy. (Oxford: Samuel Collingwood, 1815). The author's first published work.

Henry Hart Milman (1791-1868) The History of Christianity from the Birth of Christ to the Abolition of Paganism in the Roman Empire. 3 vols (London: John Murray, 1840).

Henry Hart Milman (1791-1868) The History of the Jews. 3 vols (London: John Murray, 1829). Published as part of Murray's Family Library.

Henry Hart Milman (1791-1868) The Martyr of Antioch: a Dramatic Poem. (London: J. Murray, 1822).

Henry Hart Milman (1791-1868) Samor, Lord of the Bright City: an Heroic Poem. (London: J. Murray, 1818).

John Milton (1608-1674) Paradise Lost. A Poem written in Ten Books. (London: 1667). A biblical epic on the fall of man, in blank verse.

Thomas Mitchell (1783-1845) “State of Female Society in Greece” in Quarterly Review. Vol. 22 No. 43 (July 1819): 163-203.

Thomas Moore (1779-1852) Memoirs, Journal, and Correspondence. 8 vols (London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1853). Edited by Moore's friend Lord John Russell.

Mark Noble (1754-1827) The Lives of the English Regicides, and other Commissioners of the pretended High Court of Justice, appointed to sit in judgement upon their Sovereign, King Charles the First. 2 vols (London: J. Stockdale, 1798).

Mark Noble (1754-1827) Memoirs of the Protectorate-house of Cromwell; deduced from an early period, and continued down to the present time. 2 vols (Birmingham: R. Baldwin, 1784).

Mungo Park (1771-1806) The Journal of a Mission to the Interior of Africa in the Year 1805. (London: John Murray, 1815). Edited, with a memoir, by John Whishaw.

Thomas Park (1759-1834) A Catalogue of the Royal and Noble Authors of England, Scotland, and Ireland. 5 vols (London: J. Scott, 1806). Horace Walpole's biographical work edited by Thomas Park.

Sir William Edward Parry (1790-1855) Journal of a Voyage for the Discovery of a North-west Passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific: performed in the years, 1819-20, in His Majesty's Ships Hecla and Griper, under the Orders of William Edward Parry; with an Appendix containing the Scientific and other Observations. (London: John Murray, 1821).

Eleanor Anne Franklin [née Porden] (1795-1825) The Arctic Expeditions. A Poem. (London: 1818). In heroic couplets, with notes.

Eleanor Anne Franklin [née Porden] (1795-1825) Coeur de Lion; or, the Third Crusade. A Poem, in Sixteen Books. 2 vols (London: G. and W. B. Whittaker, 1822). In heroic couplets, with notes.

Eleanor Anne Franklin [née Porden] (1795-1825) The Veils; or, The Triumph of Constancy. A Poem, in Six Books. (London: John Murray, 1815). In heroic couplets, after the Rape of the Lock.

Maria Eliza Rundell [née Ketelby] (1745-1828) A New System of Domestic Cookery: formed upon Principles of Economy, and adapted to the use of Private Families. (London: J. Murray and J. Harding, 1806). Enlarged and embellished in successive editions.

Abraham V. Salamé (1826 fl.) A Narrative of the Expedition to Algiers in the Year 1816 under the Command of the Right Hon. Admiral Lord Viscount Exmouth. (London: J. Murray, 1819).

Lady Caroline Lucy Scott [née Douglas] (1784-1857) Trevelyan. 3 vols (London: R. Bentley, 1834).

Sir Walter Scott, baronet (1771-1832) Ivanhoe: a Romance. 3 vols (Edinburgh: Constable, 1820). A tale of the crusades.

Sir Walter Scott, baronet (1771-1832) The Works of Jonathan Swift, D.D.: containing additional Letters, Tracts, and Poems, not hitherto published; with Notes, and a Life of the Author. 19 vols (Edinburgh: Archibald Constable and Co., 1814). Edited by Walter Scott; a revised edition was issued in 1823.

Richard Lalor Sheil (1791-1851) The Apostate: a Tragedy in Five Acts. (London: J. Murray, 1817).

Richard Lalor Sheil (1791-1851) Evadne, or, the Statue: a Tragedy in Five Acts. (London: J. Murray, 1819).

Robert Southey (1774-1843) The Book of the Church. 2 vols (London: J. Murray, 1824). A history of Christianity in England upholding the claims of the Established Church.

Robert Southey (1774-1843) History of the Peninsular War. 3 vols (London: Murray, 1823-1832).

Robert Southey (1774-1843) The Life of Nelson. 2 vols (London: John Murray, 1813). Robert Southey's most popular work—with the exception of the story of Goldilocks and the Three Bears.

Robert Southey (1774-1843) The Life of Wesley; and the Rise and Progress of Methodism. 2 vols (London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1820). A second edition was published in 1820.

Robert Southey (1774-1843) A Vision of Judgement. (London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1821). In the laureate's ode occasioned by the death of George III the king of Britain meets George Washington in Heaven.

William Makepeace Thackeray (1811-1863) The Four Georges: Sketches of Manners, Morals, Court and Town Life. (London: Smith, Elder and Co., 1861).

Sir George Pretyman Tomline, bishop of Winchester (1750-1827) Memoirs of the Life of the Right Honorable William Pitt. 3 vols (London: J. Murray, 1821).

James Kingston Tuckey (1776-1816) Narrative of an Expedition to explore the River Zaire, usually called the Congo, in South Africa, in 1816. (London: John Murray, 1818). Published posthumously after an account had surreptitiously appeared in the Literary Gazette.

Voltaire (1694-1778) Le Siécle de Louis XIV. (Paris: 1751).

James Waldegrave, second earl Waldegrave (1715-1763) Memoirs; being a short Account of political Contentions, party Quarrels, and Events of consequence from 1754 to 1758. (London: J. Murray, 1821). News from the court of George II.

Horace Walpole, fourth earl of Orford (1717-1797) Memoires of the last Ten Years of the Reign of George the Second. 2 vols (London: J. Murray, 1822). History as regarded by a keen Whig.

Horace Walpole, fourth earl of Orford (1717-1797) Walpoliana. 2 vols (London: R. Phillips, 1799). Anecdotes and extracts edited by Walpole's former associate, the antiquary John Pinkerton.

INFORMATION FROM TEI HEADER

Source Description:

Author: Smiles, Samuel, 1812-1904

Title: Memoir of John Murray 2 Vols (London: John Murray, 1891).

Electronic Edition:

Series: Lord Byron and his Times: http://lordbyron.org

Encoding Description: Any dashes occurring in line breaks have been removed. Obvious and unambiguous compositors’ errors have been silently corrected.

Markup and editing by: David Hill Radcliffe

Completed April 2009

Publication Statement:

Publisher: Center for Applied Technologies in the Humanities, Virginia Tech

Availability: Published under Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License