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Memoirs of William Hazlitt

Ch. XX 1821

INTRODUCTION & INDEXES

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Preface

Introduction

Catalogue

Chap. I 1778-1811

Ch. II: 1791-95

Ch. III 1795-98

Ch. IV 1798

Ch. V 1798

Ch. VI 1792-1803

Ch. VII 1803-05

Ch. VIII 1803-05

Ch. IX

Ch. X 1807

Ch. XI 1808

Ch. XII 1808

Ch. XII 1812

Ch. XIV 1814-15

Ch. XV 1814-17

Ch. XVI 1818

Ch. XVII 1820

Ch. XVIII

Ch. XIX

‣ Ch. XX 1821

Ch. I 1821

Ch. II 1821-22

Ch. III 1821-22

Ch. IV 1822

Ch. V 1822

Ch. VI 1822

Ch. VII 1822-23

Ch. VIII 1822

Ch. IX 1823

Ch. X 1824

Ch. XI 1825

Ch. XII 1825

Ch. XIII 1825

Ch. XIV 1825

Ch. XV 1825

Ch. XVI 1825-27

Ch. XVII 1826-28

Ch. XVIII 1829-30

Ch. XIX

Ch. XX

Ch. XXI

Ch. XXII

Ch. XXIII

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301

CHAPTER XX.

1821.

The duel between Mr. Scott and Mr. Christie—Difference between Mr. Hazlitt and Mr. Leigh Hunt.

‘Blackwood’s Magazine’ had been originally established by Mr. Pringle, but its management fell into the hands of Professor Wilson, Mr. Lockhart, and a few others, some months after its commencement, Blackwood and Pringle having disagreed. This change led to the insertion of a series of articles, some of which contained serious personalities.*

As Mr. Hazlitt’s name has been mentioned in connexion with a duel which arose out of these attacks on persons of the day, connected with my grandfather’s side in politics, and as the accounts of it found in some books are not accurate, the contemporary narrative from the ‘Annual Register’ is here given entire:—

“A duel was fought on Friday, Feb. 16 [1821], at nine

* Lockhart wrote under the signature of Z. The first article which was printed in the magazine of this character was one by Hogg, called ‘The Chaldee MS.,’ but which was in fact so altered by Lockhart and the rest before insertion, that it retained very little of its original form. Lockhart was the writer of the attacks on Leigh Hunt, which was of course an aggravation in the eyes of Mr. Hazlitt.

302

THE DUEL BETWEEN

o’clock at night, between two gentlemen of the names of Scott and Christie. The parties met at Chalk Farm, by moonlight, attended by their seconds and surgeons; and after exchanging shots without effect, at the second fire Mr. Christie’s ball struck Mr. Scott just above the hip on the right side. Mr. Scott fell, and was removed to the Chalk Farm Tavern. The meeting took place in consequence of the following circumstances:—Mr. Lockhart, the reputed author of ‘Peter’s Letters to his Kinsfolk,’ having been personally and violently attacked in the ‘London Magazine,’ a work professedly edited by Mr. Scott, came to London for the purpose of obtaining from Mr. Scott an explanation, apology, or meeting. Mr. Scott, as we understand, declined giving anything of the sort, unless Mr. Lockhart would first deny that he was editor of ‘Blackwood’s Magazine.’ This Mr. Lockhart did not consider it necessary to do; and their correspondence ended with a note from Mr. Lockhart, containing very strong and unqualified expressions touching Mr. Scott’s personal character and courage. To meet this Mr. Scott published his account of the affair, which differed very little as to facts; but a circumstance occurred subsequently which placed the matter on a different footing. Mr. Lockhart, in his statement, which was printed, says that a copy of it had been sent to Mr. Scott; whereas it appears that the statement generally circulated contained a disavowal of Mr. Lockhart’s editorship of ‘Blackwood’s Magazine,’ which the copy of his statement actually sent to Mr. Scott did not. Mr. Scott therefore says, that in

MR. SCOTT AND MR. CHRISTIE.

303

withholding from him the disavowal he asked, he prevented the meeting; and that, in affixing to the statement the declaration that a copy of that statement had been forwarded to him (Mr. Scott), Mr. Lockhart had been guilty of falsehood. The other party say, that though Mr. Lockhart would own to the world that he was not the editor of ‘Blackwood’s Magazine,’ he never would say that he was not the editor to Mr. Scott; because Mr. Scott had no right to demand such an explanation.

“It appears that the error arose in leaving the paragraph standing, which states that a copy of the statement had been sent to Mr. Scott. Mr. Scott’s attack produced a reply from Mr. Christie, Mr. Lockhart’s friend, which reply produced a challenge from Mr. Scott, which Mr. Christie accepted; and at Mr. Scott’s suggestion, agreed to meet him at nine o’clock at night. Mr. Christie did not fire at Mr. Scott in the first instance, a circumstance of which Mr. Scott was not apprized; but on the second shot he levelled his pistol at him, and too truly hit his mark. Mr. Lockhart is one of his Majesty’s counsel at the Scotch bar, and son-in-law of Sir Walter Scott, Bart. Mr. Scott expired at half-past nine, on the night of Tuesday the 27th, without a groan. He was between thirty and forty years of age, and has left a wife and two children. An inquest was held on the body, and a verdict of Wilful Murder given against Mr. Christie and the two seconds, Mr. Trail and Mr. Patmore.* The coroner’s

* The incident brought Mr. Patmore into great discredit at the time, not because he was concerned in the duel, but

304

MR. HAZLITT’S SUPPOSED SHARE.

warrant was accordingly issued for their apprehension; but the parties have for the present withdrawn.”

Now, it remains to be seen how Mr. Hazlitt was indirectly implicated in the matter. Mr. Redding, in his ‘Recollections,’ says:—

“[Horace] Smith thought and said* that I must be under a mistake, when I stated some years afterwards that ‘Campbell declared to me that Hazlitt had been a means of irritating John Scott to such a degree, that he was one cause of his going out in the duel in which he fell.’ The remark of Smith is: ‘[Thomas] Campbell was too prone to believe whatever he might hear in disparagement of Hazlitt, and in this instance I have reason to think he was misinformed.’

“I believe I also stated the manner in which I was informed Hazlitt spoke. Not with the intention of provoking Scott directly, but in a mode which had the same effect—for it would appear that it was a point upon which Scott was sensitive—a sort of taunting. ‘I don’t pretend [said Hazlitt] to hold the principles of honour which you hold. I would neither give nor accept a challenge—you hold the opinions of the world—with you it is different—as for me it would be nothing. I do not think as you and the world think.’”

A sequel to this sad catastrophe, more striking than

because he did not interfere at the proper moment to save Scott’s life. Scott married Colnaghi the printseller’s daughter; she is said to have been a beauty. * In a paper called ‘A Greybeard’s Gossip about His Literary Acquaintance.’

RUPTURE WITH LEIGH HUNT.

305

appropriate or agreeable, was the difference which arose a few months afterwards between Mr. Hazlitt and Mr. Leigh Hunt, owing to some remarks upon Mr. Shelley in ‘Table Talk.’ The passage occurs in the essay ‘On Paradox and Common-place.’ Shelley is characterized as a philosophic fanatic; and there were other points to complain of. This attack on Mr. Hunt and his friend brought the following letter from the former:—

Mr. Hazlitt hereupon saw Mr. Hunt, or communicated with him, and evinced a conciliatory tendency. The probability is that a letter passed, for Mr. Hunt wrote what he had further to say; and by an accident this second document is also before me:—

The next tidings we get of the business is in the correspondence of Hunt and Shelley. In a letter from Leigh Hunt to his friend, of the 10th May, 1821, the subject is thus touched upon:—

“You may have heard also that Hazlitt, after his usual fashion towards those whom he likes, and gets impatient with, has been attacking Shelley, myself, and everybody else, the public included, though there

* Lockhart.

TO THE CONCLUSION OF IT.

313

his liking stops. I wrote him an angry letter about S.—[these italics are mine]—the first one I ever did, and I believe he is sorry: but this is his way. Next week perhaps he will write a panegyric upon him. He says that Shelley provokes him by his going to a pernicious extreme on the Liberal side, and so hurting it. I asked him what good he would do the said side by publicly abusing the supporters of it, and caricaturing them? To this he answers nothing. I told him I would not review his book, as I must quarrel with him publicly if I did so, and so hurt the cause further. Besides, I was not going to give publicity to his outrages. I am sorry for it on every account, because I really believe Hazlitt to be a disinterested and suffering man, who feels public calamities as other men do private ones, and this is perpetually redeeming him in my eyes. I told him so, as well as some other things; but you shall see our correspondence by-and-by. Did Shelley ever cut him up at Godwin’s table? Somebody says so, and [that] this is the reason of Hazlitt’s attack. I know that Hazlitt does pocket up wrongs in this way, to draw them out again some day or other. He says it is the only comfort which the friends of his own cause leave him.”

In a later letter to Shelley (August 28, 1821), Leigh Hunt returns to the topic, in consequence seemingly of something or other that Shelley had let fall in reply. He says: “I took an opportunity, a few weeks back, of mentioning you in one of my political articles [in the Examiner] in company with Hazlitt, [and in such a way as showed how I valued your heart and genius, as well

314

SEEING THE CONTROVERSY OUT.

as his talents. It was nothing of a comparison. I was only mentioning the authors who would and who would not be in a new Literary Royal Academy, which they talk of getting up. But those who know Hazlitt’s book (not a great many, for he is not popular) will see how little effect these idle fightings with his side of the question have upon us. As to the rest, if he attacks you again, I have told him in so many words that he must expect me to be his public antagonist. But I think it pretty certain that he will not, and that, if he speaks of you again, it will even be in another manner. The way in which you talk of him is just what I expected of you.”

It happened, however, that Mr. Hazlitt was not in the slightest degree deterred by Mr. Leigh Hunt’s representations from expressing in print what his opinion was of Mr. Shelley as a writer. It was not in my grandfather’s character to draw back or recant under such circumstances, and in the ‘Edinburgh Review’ for July, 1824, was a criticism on Shelley’s ‘Posthumous Poems,’ not harshly or unfairly written, but written in a spirit of dissent from the school and class of poetry of which this author was the archetype. I cannot find that any notice was taken by Mr. Hunt of this, but in the ‘New Monthly Magazine’ for August, 1826, Mr. Hazlitt attacked Shelley in a manner which led to a correspondence between Mr. Hunt and the ostensible editor, Mr. T. Campbell. This latter individual, of whom Mr. Hazlitt, regardless of his (Campbell’s) notorious dislike to him, had spoken most handsomely

MR. CAMPBELL AS AN EDITOR.

315

in the ‘Spirit of the Age,’ had no real responsibility or control, it seems, in the conduct of the periodical with which his name was connected. He probably never took the trouble to look at any article before it appeared, and Mr. Hazlitt’s business communications, if any, were addressed to Mr. Colburn himself. On the present occasion, in a letter of August 11th, 1826, Mr. Campbell expressed his regret for the “detestable passage in Mr. Hazlitt’s paper,” and pleaded guilty to “culpable negligence in not rejecting what related to Mr. S.” He supposed, however, that he was “stupefied by the fatigue of reading over a long roll of articles.” He concludes: “The oversight, nevertheless, I expect, was blamable, and I am justly punished for it by finding myself under the catspaw of Hazlitt’s calumny.”

Now, if anybody desires to qualify himself to appreciate this tissue of nonsense and falsehood, he may go to two books, of which one is well known, and the other deserves, with all its faults, to be better so—Mr. Redding’s ‘Recollections,’ and Mr. Patmore’s ‘Friends and Acquaintance.’ There he will see to what amount of fatigue Mr. Campbell was exposed in “reading over a long roll of articles.”

I have permitted myself to anticipate events, and to show in one view the commencement and termination of this controversy, because Mr. Leigh Hunt’s name is not one which will occur again very often or very prominently in these memoirs. What I have further to observe of the relations between these distinguished contemporaries, I must reserve for another opportunity.

316

THE ‘GUY FAUX’ PAPERS.

The temporary and private soreness of feeling on Mr. Hunt’s part did not affect Mr. Hazlitt’s connection with the Examiner, to which he was still a contributor from time to time, though much more sparingly than of old. An essay on ‘Guy Faux’ from his pen appeared in the paper this very year of the short-lived rupture.

It was Lamb who suggested this subject to him, and he says, “I urged him to execute it.” As Lamb would not, he entered on the task.

The writer’s object was to make something more than a fifth-November puppet out of Guy: to set his hero before the world in more respectable colours. It was a subject which had been started years and years before at Lamb’s. There is a description of one of the celebrated Wednesday Evenings, as early as 1806, at which the theme was broached; and Lamb is made by my grandfather to instance Guy Faux and Judas Iscariot as two persons “he would like to have seen.”*

The articles in the Examiner, however, were the first to appear in print, and from the novelty of the thing, and the sort of reputation the writer had for casting new lights on old theories, it promised well.

Curiously enough, a few months afterwards (Nov. 1823) Lamb capped the Examiner ‘Guy Faux’ with a London Magazine ‘Guy Faux.’ The subject had been allowed to sleep thus far, and now in the same year two of the principal authors of the day emptied out their thoughts about this redoubtable and not improbably much-maligned individual upon paper. Lamb was, no doubt,

* See p. 289 of this volume.

THE TWO ‘GUY FAUXES.’

317

led to employ his pen on this service by reading Mr. Hazlitt’s observations in the Examiner, for he commences with these words: “A very ingenious and subtle writer, whom there is good reason for suspecting to be an ex-Jesuit, not unknown at Douay some five-and-twenty years since . . . . about a twelvemonth back set himself to prove the character of the Powder-Plot conspirators to have been that of heroic self-devotedness and true Christian martyrdom. Under the mask of Protestant candour he actually gained admission for his treatise into a London weekly paper. . .”

But my grandfather’s ‘Guy Faux’ has never yet been reprinted (a fault to be amended), nor was Lamb’s ‘Guy Faux’ till very lately, and then in America. It was an ungenteel topic. It smelled of Jacobinism. It might have been perhaps thought, if the two ‘Guy Fauxes,’ coming out so close one upon the other, had been reprinted in octavo with ‘Elia’ and ‘Table Talk,’ that Mr. Lamb and Mr. Hazlitt were in the pay of the Catholics.

THE END OF VOL. I.

LONDON:

LONDON: PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, STAMFORD STREET
AND CHARING CROSS.

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Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) The founder of Utilitarianism; author of Principles of Morals and Legislation (1789).

William Blackwood (1776-1834) Edinburgh bookseller; he began business 1804 and for a time was John Murray's Scottish agent. He launched Blackwood's Magazine in 1817.

Thomas Campbell (1777-1844) Scottish poet and man of letters; author of The Pleasures of Hope (1799), Gertrude of Wyoming (1808) and lyric odes. He edited the New Monthly Magazine (1821-30).

Jonathan Henry Christie (1793-1876) Educated at Marischal College, Baliol College, Oxford, and Lincoln's Inn; after slaying John Scott in the famous duel at Chalk Farm he was acquitted of murder and afterwards practiced law as a conveyancer in London. He was the lifelong friend of John Gibson Lockhart and an acquaintance of John Keats.

Henry Colburn (1785-1855) English publisher who began business about 1806; he co-founded the New Monthly Magazine in 1814 and was publisher of the Literary Gazette from 1817.

Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834) English poet and philosopher who projected Lyrical Ballads (1798) with William Wordsworth; author of Biographia Literaria (1817), On the Constitution of the Church and State (1829) and other works.

Paul Colnaghi (1751-1833) Born in Italy, he was a print dealer in Paris, and from 1785 in London where he attracted an aristocratic clientell.

Guy Fawkes (1570-1606) Catholic conspirator in the Gunpowder Plot, for which he was ritually burned in effigy on November 5.

William Godwin (1756-1836) English novelist and political philosopher; author of An Inquiry concerning the Principles of Political Justice (1793) and Caleb Williams (1794); in 1797 he married Mary Wollstonecraft.

William Hazlitt (1778-1830) English essayist and literary critic; author of Characters of Shakespeare's Plays (1817), Lectures on the English Poets (1818), and The Spirit of the Age (1825).

James Hogg [The Ettrick Shepherd] (1770-1835) Scottish autodidact, poet, and novelist; author of The Queen's Wake (1813) and Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner (1824).

James Henry Leigh Hunt (1784-1859) English poet, journalist, and man of letters; editor of The Examiner and The Liberal; friend of Byron, Keats, and Shelley.

Marianne Hunt [née Kent] (1787-1857) The daughter of Anne Kent and wife of Leigh Hunt; they were married in 1809. Charles MacFarlane, who knew her in the 1830s, described her as “his mismanaging, unthrifty wife, the most barefaced, persevering, pertinacious of mendicants.”

Charles Lamb [Elia] (1775-1834) English essayist and boyhood friend of Coleridge at Christ's Hospital; author of Essays of Elia published in the London Magazine (collected 1823, 1833) and other works.

John Lockhart (1761-1842) The son of William Lockhart of Birkhill; he was minister of Cambusnethan (1786) and the College Church, Glasgow (1796). He was the father of John Gibson Lockhart.

John Murray II (1778-1843) The second John Murray began the Quarterly Review in 1809 and published works by Scott, Byron, Austen, Crabbe, and other literary notables.

Peter George Patmore [Tims] (1786-1855) English writer and friend of Charles Lamb and Leigh Hunt; an early contributor to Blackwood's, he was John Scott's second in the fatal duel, editor of the Court Journal, and father of the poet Coventry Patmore.

Thomas Pringle (1789-1834) Scottish poet, journalist, and abolitionist, who after a brief stint as one of the founding editors of Blackwood's Magazine emigrated to southern Africa.

Cyrus Redding (1785-1870) English journalist; he was a founding member of the Plymouth Institute, edited Galignani's Messenger from 1815-18, and was the effective editor of the New Monthly Magazine (1821-30) and The Metropolitan (1831-33).

John Hamilton Reynolds (1794-1852) English poet, essayist, and friend of Keats; he wrote for The Champion (1815-17) and published The Garden of Florence; and other Poems (1821).

Caroline Antoinette Scott [née Colnaghi] (1786-1874) The daughter of the printseller Paul Colnaghi; in 1807 she married the Scottish journalist John Scott, killed at the Chalk Farm duel in 1821.

John Scott (1784-1821) After Marischal College he worked as a journalist with Leigh Hunt, edited The Champion (1814-1817), and edited the London Magazine (1820) until he was killed in the duel at Chalk Farm.

Sir Walter Scott, baronet (1771-1832) Scottish poet, novelist, antiquary, biographer, editor, and sheriff.

Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822) English poet, with Byron in Switzerland in 1816; author of Queen Mab (1813), The Revolt of Islam (1817), The Cenci and Prometheus Unbound (1820), and Adonais (1821).

Horace Smith (1779-1849) English poet and novelist; with his brother James he wrote Rejected Addresses (1812) and Horace in London (1813). Among his novels was Brambletye House (1826).

Robert Southey (1774-1843) Poet laureate and man of letters whose contemporary reputation depended upon his prose works, among them the Life of Nelson, 2 vols (1813), History of the Peninsular War, 3 vols (1823-32) and The Doctor, 7 vols (1834-47).

James Traill (1794-1873) Of Hobbister, Orkney; educated at Balliol College (Snell Exhibitioner) and the Middle Temple, he was a police magistrate in London. Traill was John Christie's second in the duel with John Scott.

Arthur Wellesley, first duke of Wellington (1769-1852) Soldier and statesman; commander in the Peninsular Campaign (1809-1813), he defeated Napoleon at Waterloo and was prime minister (1828-1830).

John Wilson [Christopher North] (1785-1854) Scottish poet and Tory essayist, the chief writer for the “Noctes Ambrosianae” in Blackwood's Magazine and professor of moral philosophy at Edinburgh University (1820).

The Annual Register, or, a View of the History, Politics, and Literature. 80 vols (1758-1837). The original publisher was Robert Dodsley, with Edmund Burke the chief contributor.

Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine. (1817-1980). Begun as the Edinburgh Monthly Magazine, Blackwood's assumed the name of its proprietor, William Blackwood after the sixth number. Blackwood was the nominal editor until 1834.

The Edinburgh Review, or Critical Journal. (1802-1929). Founded by Francis Jeffery, Sydney Smith, and Henry Brougham, the Edinburgh Review was for decades a principal organ of Whig opinion in Britain.

The Examiner. (1808-1881). Founded by John and Leigh Hunt, this weekly paper divided its attention between literary matters and radical politics; William Hazlitt was among its regular contributors.

The London Magazine. (1820-1829). Founded by John Scott as a monthly rival to Blackwood's, the London Magazine included among its contributors Charles Lamb, John Clare, Allan Cunningham, Thomas De Quincey, and Thomas Hood.

New Monthly Magazine. (1814-1884). Founded in reaction to the radically-inclined Monthly Magazine, the New Monthly was managed under the proprietorship of Henry Colburn from 1814 to 1845. It was edited by Thomas Campbell and Cyrus Redding from 1821-1830.

William Hazlitt (1778-1830) “Boswell redivivus” in New Monthly Magazine. Vol. 17-19 (August 1826-March 1827). Reprinted as Conversations with Northcote.

William Hazlitt (1778-1830) “Guy Faux” in The Examiner. (12, 19, 26 November 1821): 708, 728,. 740.

William Hazlitt (1778-1830) “On Paradox and Commonplace” in Table-talk, or, Original Essays. 2 vols (London: John Warren, 1821-1822).

William Hazlitt (1778-1830) “Shelley's Posthumous Poems” in Edinburgh Review. Vol. 40 (July 1824): 494-514.

William Hazlitt (1778-1830) The Spirit of the Age, or, Contemporary Portraits. (London: Colburn, 1825). Eighteen biographical and critical sketches that had originally appeared in the New Monthly Magazine.

William Hazlitt (1778-1830) Table-talk, or, Original Essays. 2 vols (London: John Warren, 1821-1822). A collection of essays by the author of the “Table-Talk” columns in the London and New Monthly magazines.

James Hogg [The Ettrick Shepherd] (1770-1835) “Chaldee Manuscript” in Blackwood's Magazine. Vol. 2 No. 12 (October 1817): 89-96. A satirical allegory on the Edinburgh Whigs that originated with Hogg and was printed in Blackwood's Magazine for October 1817; it was afterwards suppressed.

Charles Lamb [Elia] (1775-1834) Elia. Essays which have appeared under that Signature in the London Magazine. (London: Taylor and Hessey, 1823). A second collection was issued by Moxon as Last Essays in 1833.

Charles Lamb [Elia] (1775-1834) “Guy Faux” in London Magazine. Vol. 8 (November 1823): 477-81.

John Gibson Lockhart (1794-1854) Peter's Letters to his Kinsfolk. 3 vols (Edinburgh: W. Blackwood, 1819). An anonymous collection of pen-portraits, several times reprinted; John Wilson contributed to the volumes.

John Gibson Lockhart (1794-1854) Statement: Mr Lockhart very unwillingly feels himself again under the Necessity of obtruding himself upon the Public Notice, in consequence of a new Artifice, under which Mr. John Scott has endeavoured to escape from some of the Consequences of his Conduct on a recent Occasion. ([Edinburgh]: 1821). Issued in reply to the Statement published by John Scott regarding the challenge issued by Lockhart to Scott.

Peter George Patmore [Tims] (1786-1855) My Friends and Acquaintance: being Memorials, Mind-portraits, and Personal Recollections of Deceased Celebrities of the Nineteenth Century; with Selections from their Unpublished Letters. 3 vols (London: Saunders and Otley, 1854).

Cyrus Redding (1785-1870) Fifty Years' Recollections: Literary and Personal, with Observations on Men and Things. 3 vols (London: C. J. Skeet, 1858).

John Scott (1784-1821) Statement, &c.. ([London]: [Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy], [1821]). Regarding the challenge sent by John Gibson Lockhart to the editor of the London Magazine.

John Scott (1784-1821) Mr. Scott’s Second Statement.. ([London]: [Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy], [1821]). Regarding the challenge sent by John Gibson Lockhart to the editor of the London Magazine.

Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822) Posthumous Poems of Percy Bysshe Shelley. (London: John and Henry L. Hunt, 1824). Edited by Mary Shelley, and suppressed at the request of Sir Timothy Shelley.

Horace Smith (1779-1849) “A Graybeard's Gossip about his Literary Acquaintance” in New Monthly Magazine. Vol. 79-82 (1847-1848). An anonymous memoir published in thirteen parts.

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Author: William Carew Hazlitt

Title:  Memoirs of William Hazlitt. With Portions of his Correspondence 2 vols (London: Richard Bentley, 1867).

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